RBT Study Material

Define frequency

count

Define duration

how long

Define latency

the time between the onset of a stimulus and the start of the response.

Rate

ratio of count per observation time, or responses per minute/per hour/per session/etc.

define IRT

the time between the end of one response and the beginning of another (same) response.

define Partial Interval

did behavior occur at all during the interval? Overestimates bx

define Whole Interval

did behavior occur during the whole interval? underestimates bx

define Momentary time sampling

did behavior occur at that particular moment?

define permanent product

tangible items or effects a behavior has on the environment, or what is produced as a result of behavior.

Y axis

behavior (ordinate)

X axis

Time (abscissa)

Behavior

anything an organism does

Behaviors must be

observable and measurable

Define topography

what behavior looks like

define four functions

escape, attention, tangible, automatic

Define free operant preference assessment

observing and timing how long a client engages with an item or items.

Define forced choice

presenting two items or activities and asking the client to choose one

define multiple stimulus w/replacement

items are presented, learner choose an item, that item is put back and unchosen items and replaced.

define multiple stimulus w/o replacement

items are presented, learner chooses an item, that item is taken out and the other items are rearranged

define direct observation

observer records ABC data

define informant/indirect observation

interviews and questionnaires

define functional analysis

antecedents and consequences are manipulated to understand their effect

define probe

asking a client to perform a task to assess whether they can perform the task.

define reinforcement

increases behavior

define punishment

decrease behavior

define positive reinforcement

adding something that causes behavior to increase

define negative reinforcement

taking away something that causes behavior to increase

define positive punishment

adding something that causes behavior to decrease

define negative punishment

taking away something that causes behavior to decrease

define unconditioned reinforcement

primary reinforcers, no learning history needed

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Ex: Food, water, sleep, sexual activity

define conditioned reinforcement

a neutral stimuli that becomes a reinforcer through learning

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Ex: Token boards, money

Define Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

reinforcement is provided for each occurrence or behavior. Typically used to learning new behavior.

define Intermittent Reinforcement (INT)

reinforcement is provided for some occurrences of behavior. Typically used to maintain established behavior.

define Fixed Ratio (FR)

reinforcement at a set number of responses

define Variable Ratio (VR)

reinforce a varying number of responses

define Fixed Interval (FI)

reinforce a response after a set amount of time

define Variable Interval (VI)

reinforce a response after a varying amount of time

DTT

discrete trial teaching SD-response-consequence brief pause in between trials

Define NET

natural environment training, incorporating natural activates and natural reinforcers and consequences.

Define task analysis

breaking complex skills into smaller teachable steps

define forward chain

1st step is taught and reinforced then remaining steps are propmted.

define backward chain

last step is taught and reinforced, then remaining steps are prompted

define prompting

cue or assistance to encourage a desired response

define Inadvertent prompt

accidental prompt such as looking at correct target

define prompt fading

moving down the prompt hierarchy

define prompt dependency

requiring a prompt to perform a task

define most-to-least prompt

starting with the most intrusive prompt and fading

define least to most prompt

starting with the least intrusive prompt and increasing

What are some examples of generalization:

Settings, people, materials, behaviors, time

define Generalization

Performing a response outside of the learning environment

Define stimulus generalization

the same behavior occurs across multiple similar stimuli

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A child screams when he sees a white rat, and screams when he sees stuffed animals

define response generalization

different behaviors with the same function occur across one stimulus

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Ex. In the presence of your friend, you say "Hi", "What's up", or wave

define ways to mediate generalization and maintenance

multiple settings, people and stimuli in a natural context

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Use a variety of reinforcement schedules

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Teach self-management to the client

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Reinforce generalization when it happens

What is the RBT role in parent training

RBT will assist with training of stakeholders only under supervision

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RBTs are not authorized or qualified to answer questions about clients programming

define Steps in behavior reduction

define the behavior

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Hypothesize the function of the behavior

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What are possible antecedent interventions? (preventative)

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What are possible replacement behaviors? Consequence intervention (reactive, after behavior)

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Create a crisis intervention plan, Implement the behavior plan. collect data, and develop generalization procedures

define Escape/Avoidance

define individual gets out of doing something they don't want to do

define attention

individual behaves to get attention from teachers, parents, peers

define access to a tangible

the individual behaves to gain access to an item or acitivty

define automatic

the individual behaves because it feels good

define discriminative stimuli

cue or stimulus that is presented when a bx is reinforced

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Ex. "point to red" is the SD. Client is reinforced for pointing to red.

define Antecedent Intervention

Antecedents are manipulated before the behavior occurs

define differential reinforcement

reinforcing a desired bx while withholding R+ for an undesirable bx

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Ex: You reinforce a child asking nicely for an apple, but put screaming on extinction

Define DRI

DR of incompatible behaviors

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Ex. Kevin elopes from his seat.

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kevin is only reinforced if he is sitting in his seat.

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Kevin can't be in his seat, and out of his seat at the same time (incompatible)

Define DRA

DR of alternate behaviors

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Ex. Karen screams the answer, instead of raising her hand.

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She is only reinforced when she raises her hand.

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Karen can scream and raise her hand at the same time (alt bx)

Define DRO

DR of other behaviors

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Ex. Julie pulls hair. If Julie doesn't pull hair for 3 minutes she is reinforced

define extinction

reinforcement of a previously reinforced bx is discontinued

define extinction burst

a predictable temporary increase in intensity of bx during extinction

define crisis/emergency procedure

if you, the client, or someone else is in danger.

What variables might affect the client?

Report illness, change in location, change in medication, etc. to your supervisor or BCBA

define Session notes must be..

Objective

What to include in session notes?

How responded to reinforcement. Antecedents and consequences, How data was collected (DTT, duration, frequency) Was anything mastered?

Who is responsible for the services you provide?

The BCBA or Supervisor

What should you report to your BCBA or supervisor?

Communicate everything

You should follow what code when providing services?

The code of ethics

How long data must be kept for?

7 years

Is data confidential?

Yes

Should you post about clients on social media?

No

What is the primary role of the RBT

Implementation

You should develop\_____ with clients and families

Rapport

How should you respond to feedback?

Appropriately and improve accordingly

Should you make recommendations on diet, schooling, etc to parents

No. Refer to your BCBA

define dual relationships

dual relationships professional relationships that involve friendships, romance, or business

What do you do if a client offers you a gift

Politely decline

What do you do if a client asks you to babysit

Politely decline

Are dual relationships allowed?

No

How do you maintain client dignity

Respect your client

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Treat them as you would treat others

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Respect cultural differences

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Share client information only with appropriate parties

Examples of Permanent product

Tests

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A clean room worksheets

What is the most common graph in ABA?

Line graph

Define Baseline

Data collected before intervention starts

Steps of a written skill acquisition plan

Identify the skill to be acquired, create a goal to address the skill, identify measurement procedures, gather a baseline for the skill or behavior, implement procedures, collect and review data, modify the plan if necessary, and then create a maintenance plan.

Steps to prepare for session

Read and understand the behavior plan

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Analyze what has happened in previous sessions

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Ask your supervisor any questions you may have about the plan.

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Prepare the environment for the session, and gather materials

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Implement the plan

Contingency

IF-THEN Statement

Define Motivating Operation

altering the value/effectiveness of stimulus, object or event(deprivation/satiation)

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Ex: You haven't eaten in 12 hours

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Food is a more effective reinforcer

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Ex: You just ate 30 minutes ago

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Food loses its value as a reinforcer.