KNR 403 Final Exam

Which of the following is true regarding kinetic energy

Moves from a warmer object to a cooler object

The higher the difference in temperature between two objects the faster the energy is transferred

Convection

Heat transfer due to the movement of a medium

Conversion

Generation of heat through the transfer of energy from one form to another

Radiation

Heat transferred from one object to another through space

Conduction

Transfer of thermal energy between objects that are directly touching

Superficial heat treats tissues at which of the following depths?

Less than 3 cm

Which of the following best describes Fourier Law?

The greater the difference in temperature the faster the heat exchange will occur

Heat Physiological Functions

Increases blood flow, edema, and tissue elasticity. Decreases muscle spasm, joint stiffness and pain perception

At which temperature does analgesia occur?

58°

Which of the following are general contraindications for cryotherapy application?

Cold urticaria, Raynaud’s phenomenon, deep vein thrombosis

Which of the following best describes Grotthus Draper Law?

Energy that is absorbed by one tissue in the body can not be transmitted to a deeper tissue in the body

The depth of heating from moist heat packs is typically

<3 cm

Which of the following cryotherapy applications require the use of an insulting medium?

Chemical cold pack & Correct answer:

Reusable gel pack

What temperature should a warm whirlpool be set to for full body immersion? 

100-105 degrees F

How many times should a patient be instructed to dip their extremity when using a paraffin bath?

6-12 times

What is the correct temperature range for ice immersion treatment? 

50-60 degrees F

At what skin temperature does analgesia occur?

58 degrees F

Which type of thermal energy transfer occurs during ultrasound application?

Transference

What temperature should the water in a hydrocollator be set to?

160-170 F

Ultrasound is which type of modality?

Deep heat

The crystals in an ultrasound transducer generate energy through which effect?

Reverse piezoelectric effect

When applying therapeutic ultrasound, which statement best describes the effective radiating area (ERA)?

It is smaller than the transducer face 

Frequency

The number of waves that pass through a tissue in a given amount of time

Duty cycle

The percent of time that the ultrasound transducer is emitting energy during treatment

Which of the following duty cycles can be used when setting up thermal ultrasound

100%

During therapeutic ultrasound treatment, what minimum increase in tissue temperature is required to reduce muscle spasm?

3.6-5.4 degrees F

Which of the following are contraindication for ultrasound? Choose all that apply

Infection

Ischemic areas

Over surgical implants or hardware

Which modality uses ultrasound to assist in diffusing medication through the skin?

Phonophoresis

Which of the following are non-thermal effects of ultrasound?

Assists with angiogenesis

Assists in resolving inflammation

Which of the following best describes stable cavitation?

Wave peaks and troughs cause gas bubbles to expand and contract

Which of the following ultrasound settings would be best to treat an acute injury of the anterior talofibular ligament?

Frequency - 3 MHz
Duty cycle - 20%
Intensity- .5 W/cm2

Which of the following containers can be used when applying the immersion ultrasound technique?

Plastic

Vibration

Rapid shaking of tissue with the hands or a machine

Tapotement

Rhythmic striking of the skin with the hands

Effleurage

Long strokes of the skin and muscles towards the heart completed at the beginning and end of each treatment

Friction

Repeated sheering of the tissue to break down adhesions and scar tissue

Petrissage

Lifting and kneading of the skin and tissues

Which of the following are contraindications for intermittent compression therapy?

Fracture

Infection

DVT

The pressure for intermittent compression therapy should not be set to a level that exceeds the patient's _________

Diastolic blood pressure

Which of the following are contraindications for HIVAMAT?

Pregnant women

Cardiac pacemaker

Acute infection