The Constitutional Convention (1787)

Constitutional Convention

Held in Philadelphia (May–Sept 1787) to fix the Articles of Confederation; resulted in drafting the U.S. Constitution.

Conditions Leading to the Convention

Economic depression, weak national unity, and uprisings like Shays’ Rebellion highlighted the need for reform.

Shays’ Rebellion (1786–87)

Armed uprising by Massachusetts farmers protesting debt; exposed the weaknesses of the Articles.

Virginia Plan

Proposed by large states; representation in Congress based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Proposed by small states; equal representation regardless of population.

The Great Compromise

Combined both plans — two-house legislature: Senate (equal) and House (population-based).

Three-Fifths Compromise

Counted enslaved individuals as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation purposes.

Executive Power Debate

Created the presidency with limited but defined powers to enforce laws and lead the nation.