Perspectives
Studied by 4 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/107
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
108 Terms
Florence Nightingale
Focused on compassion for nursing care
first nurse researcher- kept notes and stats
Brought mortality rate down from 60% to 2%
Helped improve nutrition, movement, proper hygiene, wound care, basic care, hand washing
Attitude was important: act like you care, acknowledge their feelings
How was nursing before the civil war?
No military hospitals
No trained hospitals
Horrible hospital conditions (place where people died not for care)
How was nursing after the civil war?
Organized hospitals into cleaner units
Death rates decreased
Importance of nutrition, movement, hygiene, psychosocial attention
Advanced role of the nurse
Nursing care was crucial for health of soldiers
reform of military hospitals (model for civilian hospitals)
Who was Dorthea Dix?
mover and shaker
known for improving care for mental illness
led the women’s nurse army
established training and education for people who wanted to work in the war
civil war nurse
who was Sojourner Truth?
Black nurse involved with underground railroad to help save slaves and lead them to freedom
civil war nurse
who was Harriet Tubman
black women who saved and helped slaves travel underground for freedom while being undercover in the army
civil war nurse
who was Clara Barton?
· Angel of Mercy
· Established Red Cross
· She demanded more supplies, distributed supplies, and improvement
civil war nurse
Who was Isabel Robb?
· Mover and shaker
· Said education was inconsistent and inadequate so she evolved our education
Post-cilvl war nurse
who was Lillian Wald?
Post-cilvl war nurse
Social activist
Established Henry Street Settlement
First home nursing for immigrants for New York City wealthy people
Recognized how important public health was
Educated others/taught women about birth control and children care
Who was Lavina Dock?
· social activist
· involved in women movements
· recognized that poor people needed more education
post-civil war nurse
who is Margaret Sanger?
· Major promotor of women’s health and use of birth control
post-civil war nurse
who was Mary Mahoney?
· First educated black nurse
post-civil war nurse
What are the 4 domains of nursing?
person
health
environment
nursing
What is the “person” domain?
The patient!
An individual who is unique, have their own needs & characteristics, freedom of choice, values affect their decision making
Maslow’s theory of human needs (meet basic needs first- ABCs)
People have the ability to change/adapt/grow
Homeostasis= internal balance and internal stability
What is the “health” domain?
“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not the absence of disease.”
Doing the best you can to achieve high level wellness given the circumstances
Influences on health (lifestyle choices)
Perception (belief or attitude about your health)
What is the “environment” domain?
Circumstance or influences that surround or effect an individual
Family (most important part of concept)
Has direct influence on patient
Cultural systems
Attitudes, behavior of a group of people, health beliefs about illness/death
Social systems
Where people live, poverty, neighborhood, access to healthcare
What is the “nursing” domain?
Holistic care- bio, cycle, social care
Maintain and restore health
Help people reach maximum capacity
Based on caring and empathetic attitude
Highly skilled, advanced knowledge, effective communication, dealing with emotions/feelings
what is the Systems theory?
o Used to understand the concepts of nursing
o System: set of interrelated parts that come together to form a whole
o Open system: encourages feedback and communication with other systems
o Closed system: independent, no communication, no connection
o Synergy: sub systems work together to get a good outcome
what are the Components of a system?
o Input: energy that goes into a system to help achieve a purpose of the system
o Output: the end result/outcome
o Throughput: process/thinking you do to make sense of the input
o Evaluation: measuring success (how effective it was)
o Feedback: welcomes feedback and communication
A change in 1 part= creates a change in the entire system/other parts
What are the 3 different Health promotions?
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
What is primary prevention?
o preventing or slowing onset of disease
Exercise, healthy diet, applying sunscreen, education
What is Secondary prevention?
o prevention: screening, detection of disease at early stages
Mammograms
What is tertiary prevention?
Stopping the progression of a chronic illness
Rehab
what is the Health belief models?
created to determine why people change their behavior
Health belief model is:
o Our perceptions, need to have the belief to change
o The older you get habits are harder to change
o Best predictor of change is past behavior
o Ability to have your mind in control, thoughts change feelings/behavior
what is the Philosophy of a profession?
the study of principles underlying professional conduct
what is the Philosophy of Nursing?
statement of beliefs, demonstrates values
what are allen colleges Beliefs:
o Based on our experiences, all patients have different beliefs
What is allen college’s Code of ethics?
o Based on a professional beliefs and values
Compassion and respect
Accountability
Communication and collaboration
Patient advocacy
What is allen college’s values
o Principles, ideals, and standards
o Helps define your professional behavior
o Nursing care is a demonstration of your value system
o Values change as we get older
o Values develops in response to culture and experience
What are allen college’s philosphy?
o Comes from concepts of nursing
Client (bio, cycle, basic needs)
Knowledge (different backgrounds of education)
Health (holistically; cultural sensitivities)
Caring (essence of nursing practice)
what is Collaboration according to allen college?
o communicate with other members of the healthcare team
What is nursing according to allen college?
o both an art and science; uses research evidence based on practice and critical thinking to give good nursing care
what is allen college’s teaching learning process?
dynamic interaction involving both nurse and patient
what is learning according to allen colleges?
o life long experience, self-motivation on my part
what is Service and service learning according to allen college?
giving to others, helping others, a part of college and nursing
Allen Hospital Nursing philosophy?
- F- focus unity
- O- own the moment
- C- champion excellence
- U- UnityPoint health
- S- seize opportunities
What is an occupation?
group of jobs that are similar in the type of work people do, usually found in industry
what is a profession?
group of jobs that require more commitment and or education (level of commitment someone has)
What is professionalism?
demonstration of high level personal and ethical characteristics
Demonstration of some unique skills of that profession
What is the power apprach?
o Independence- how much autonomy do you have to make your own decisions
o Control- who controls your practice
o Expert- your knowledge and skills
o Position- how much control is in your role or position you hold
o Latent- power that is not used but we should be using
What is the Trait approch?
o Intellectual activity- not just physical work but intellectual work as well
o Knowledge refined through research- it has to be proven
o Practical as well as theoretical- that we use our knowledge in day-to-day practice
o Learned through specialized professional education- education should be in a 4-year setting
o strong internal organization of members- not as cohesive as a group (we lack as nurses)
o Motivated by altruism- we help others, serve others
what is Miller’s Wheel of Professionalism:?
problem of education at the center
Nursing rate as a professional?
o Characteristics we don’t completely have
Considered an emerging developing profession
Not completely autonomous/dependent
We lack the education criteria
We do not have a real strong organization that represents us
Barriers to professionalism?
Gender issues
Internal conflict amongst nurses
Differentiation in practice
Variability and education
what is Professional socialization:?
o Ability to think and act like a nurse
o Absorb the culture of nursing
o Look the part and be proud
o Helps collaboration with nurses
o Increase cohesiveness, job satisfaction, our image with the public
what is Socialization:?
o Formal- lessons that are planned and learned (our RN observation and clinical)
o Informal- things that happen that the school and professors can’t control and are going to affect what we think about nursing
o External factors- family values, knowledge level, own experience, what you bring to the table
o Internal factors- your own expectations, own religious beliefs and values
what is Cohen’s Model of Socialization?
o Unilateral dependence: know you have limited knowledge and experience (rely on peers, professors)
o Negativity/independence: area of cognitive rebellion, know more/smarter and then going to ask questions that aren’t important, more dependence
o Dependence/mutuality: recognize each other’s strengths, weaknesses, own limitations of when you seek help/more open minded/non-judgmental
o Interdependence: goes along with dependence
what are Professional characteristics?
o Your attitude #1
o Team skills
o Dependable, show up, responsible
o Ability to problem solve
o Time management
A role is:
a set of expected behaviors
Nursing roles is:
responsibilities of a nurse that are guided by professional standards and legal rules
Ideal role is:
what we want our job to be, what student nurses generally think nursing is/what society expects
Perceived role is:
own perception of what we are going to be doing
Performed role is:
what you actually do
Roles are affected by:
o Expected behaviors- of yourself, peers, work setting
o Values associated with the role
o Knowledge- role affected by being new nurse than being 5 years out
o Context- the setting (hospital vs community)
o Role modeling- affects our role
o Code of ethics- guides us with accountability and responsibility, not a legal guideline
what is Care provider:
following nurses process (assessment, diagnosis, interventions, med admin, evaluation, physical cares)
what is an Educator:
health promoter, helping people adapt
what is an Advocate:
standing up for patients’ rights, promote what is best, being patients’ spoke person, ensuring patient needs are met
what is a Researcher:
evidence-based practice, develops new knowledge based on research, making observations/evaluating data
what is a Collaborator:
based on good communication skills, being assertive yet sensitive, recognizing interdependency of everyone
what is a Manager:
how does the nurse manage staffing needs, resources, assign patients to nurses, requires abilities and strengths
what is a Leader:
use people’s strengths, teamwork, effective communicator, ability to motivate someone, ability to be decisive, willing to take some risks, organized, enthusiastic/passion, influence people, empathy, level of confidence
what is a Counselor:
illness creates an emotional response, communicating skills to talk about emotional response (feelings), motivating people to change
what is the Basic responsibility of the nurse in every role?
o Modeling health lifestyles, motivating people to change, encouraging patient participation
What makes a great nurse?
o Compassion
o Empathy
o Communication
Education= BSN
o 4-year degree
o Higher cost of education
o Additional coursework in community health, leadership/management, and nursing research
o Higher NCLEX pass rate
o Broader range of career options and more opportunities
Licensure= RN
o 2-year degree
o Less expensive education
o Lower NCLEX pass rate
ADN- associate degree
community college
2-year degree
Alternate paths in nursing education:
RN to BSN
Accelerated BSN
Generic Master’s Degree (GEM)
Online and distance learning programs
RN to BSN
a. Majority offered online
b. Have to go to clinical site
Accelerated BSN
a. Often second degree, but not always
b. 12-18 months is typical
Generic Master’s Degree (GEM)
Second degree (bachelor’s degree in another field)
Online and distance learning programs
Originally intended to increase access
what is a Well established link between education and patient outcomes
o Patients in hospitals with more BSN prepared nurses have a substantial survival advantage with a smaller chance of dying, shorter hospital stays, and lower healthcare costs
what is Advanced practice roles:
o CNS- certified clinical nurse specialist
o NP- certified nurse practitioner
o CRNA- certified registered nurse anesthetist
o CNM- certified nurse midwife
what is Doctoral education
research focused degrees - PhD or Ed
prepares nurse scholars for research and development of theory
practice focused degree - DNP
originally designed to replace the MSN
Licensure= RN
o Legal designation, ensures public safety through basic and continuing education
certification:
o Professional status but not legal status
designates high level of knowledge and specialization
Differences between NP and CNS
o NPs are the frontlines, providing direct patient care to specific populations in acute or primary care settings
autonomous providers
prescribing authority
o CNSs are more behind the scenes experts who analyze the entire process behind the delivery of care to optimize it and produce the best possible patient outcomes
Provides support to ensure outstanding patient outcomes
Educate and support interdisciplinary staff
Not clear cut on prescribing authority, depends on the state
Certified Nurse Midwife
provide healthcare to woman throughout the entire course of their lives, including family planning, gynecological care, and prenatal care (focus on women’s health)
Certified registered nurse anesthetist:
specialized training in anesthesia
Administer anesthesia and other medications
Work independently or with a team of healthcare providers
True or false: there is a direct connection between a nurse’s sense of wellbeing and patient safety, patient outcomes, positive work relationships
True
Personal wellness:
o Caring for yourself is foundational to being able to care for others
o Compassion fatigue
Stress burnout, more accident prone, poor judgement, indifferent
Consequences
Sleep disturbances, weight changes, mood swings, medical mistakes, attitude, weaken withdrawal from patient/peer
what does it mean to be being well/care
Bigger satisfaction about nursing in general, gratitude, own personal growth
Barriers you face in meeting your goals:
Time management
indifference (do I care?),
lack of motivation,
procrastination
Most common barriers to wellness:
o Don’t want to give up something you like
o A change creates unpleasant feeling
o Can produce stress
o Requires a change in yourself image
Changing behaviors:
o Benefits of change
o Cost
o Triggers to change (help change behavior)
strategies that are common:
o Time management
o Procrastination
o The 8x88x8 rule
8 hours sleeping
8 hours study/school
8 hours leisure/chore time
o Managing job and school stress
o Stress is cumulative
o Your body/mind is keeping score
o Stress management techniques
o Changing irrational thinking
o Reframing your thoughts
Acknowledge/positive talk
o Managing test anxiety (NORMAL)
Remember:
o Take responsibility for your own self care
o Remember that your wellbeing influences your work performance and patient safety
What causes populations to have different health outcomes?
o Income
The most important factor
define Income
how much money you make
what is a person’s Socioeconomic status (SES):
your place in society
Upper class-
Middle class
Lower class
Race:
defines you, whether you like it or not
African Americans and people of color tend to have a lower chance at better education, stable income, higher paying jobs, better access to healthcare or treatments
Treatment and Race
- Minorities are less likely than whites to receive services, including clinically necessary procedures
Root causes of differences in treatment
o Barriers within the system
o Patient level mistrust and bias
o Provider level factors
Early childhood:
disparities start early; born with certain circumstances
Children with early high stress or instability; body retains initial programming and put the stress response system on a short fuse and high alert status
Adverse childhood experiences:
o Potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood
o Ex: experiencing violence, abuse, neglect, witnessing violence, growing up with substance abuse/misuse, mental health issues
o Consequences:
Toxic stress from ACEs can change brain development and affect such things as attention, decision making, learning, and response to stress
May have trouble forming health and stable relationships
May have unstable work histories as adults and struggle with finances, jobs, and depression throughout life
o Lower economic children more likely to show maladaptive behaviors on the playground as early as kindergarten
o Black and Hispanic kids more likely to show aggressive behavior
When adjusted SES, racial differences almost disappear
Built environment:
zip code is really important
Explaining the Differences of rich and poor:
o Social and economic: education, employment, income, family and social support, safety
o Clinical care: less access to doctors and clinics, lower quality care, fewer with insurance or means to pay
o Physical environment: air and water quality, housing and transit, less walkable neighborhoods
o Health behaviors: tobacco use, diet and exercise, alcohol and drug use, sexual activity
Henderson’s
basic needs theory
Came from large family
Major nurse theorists
Importance of patient independence so they can continue to get better after leaving the hospital
Defined the role of the nurse
Substitutive- doing something for the patient
Supplementary- helping the patient do something
Complementary- working with the patient to do something
o 14 components of Henderson’s concepts
Breath normally, eat and drink adequately, eliminate body waste
o Define a unique focus on patient centered care
patient education
teaching patients how to effectively care for themselves
Note 
Flashcards (25)