Abnormal Psychology Ch 5 (Barlow)

Anxiety

Mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. Anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses.

Fear

Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.

Panic attack

Abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by a number of physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations.

Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

Fight/Flight system (FFS)

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry that is distressing and unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.

Panic Disorder (PD)

Recurrent unexpected attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks.

Agoraphobia

Anxiety disorder characterized by anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult in the event of panic symptoms or other unpleasant physical symptoms (e.g. incontinence).

Panic Control Treatment (PCT)

Cognitive behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them.

Specific Phobia

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.

Blood-injection-injury phobia

Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

Situational Phobia

Anxiety involving enclosed places (claustrophobia) or public transportation (fear of flying).

Natural Environment phobia

Fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water.

Animal phobia

Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

Separation anxiety disorder

Excessive, enduring fear in some individuals that harm will come to them or their loved ones when they are apart.

Social phobia

(aka social anxiety disorder) Extreme, enduring, irrational, fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to severe helplessness or a fear-inducing threat. The victim re-experiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal.

Acute stress disorder

Severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization. If symptoms persist beyond one month, victims are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Attachment disorder

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults.

Reactive attachment disorder

Attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident.

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Condition in which a child shows no inhibition whatsoever in approaching adults.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

Obsessions

Recurrent intrusive thoughts or impulses the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing they are not imposed by outside forces.

Compulsions

Repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behaviors, or mental acts a person feels driven to perform to suppress obsessions.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

Disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance ("imagined ugliness"). Now classified among obsessive-compulsive and related disorders; previously grouped with DSM-IV somatoform disorders.

Trichotillomania

People's urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm.

Excoriation

(skin picking disorder) Recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one's skin leading to significant impairment or distress.

Howard Lidell

Called anxiety the "Shadow of Intelligence"

Anxiety

closely related to depression

Anxiety

a future oriented mood state

7 years of age

median age of onset for specific phobia

Pa-leng

fear of the cold

Direct Experience

real danger or pain results in an alarm response (a true alarm)