AP Gov Exam Review

Need 35 right to pass with 100%

Representative Democracy

Type of Government the U.S. has

Amendment 1

Free speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition

Amendment 4

No illegal search and seizure

8th amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment

30

Age to be a U.S. Senator

federal and civil

Two types of court cases

Plead the 5th

Don't have to speak to police or during trial.

25

Age to be a U.S Representative

3

Number of Branches in the U.S. Government

George Washington

The first president of the United States

James Madison

Known as the Father of the Constitution

Federalism

System of Government that divides power between the federal and state government.

John Locke

Person who's writing the the colonists used to declare their independence from Great Britain. Life, Liberty, and property.

Preamble

Opening statement in a major document usually associated with the Constitution.

Government

Institution through which the state maintains order.

Socialism

Economy where the government owns the basic means of production.

Confederacy

A loose union of independent states.

monarchy

Type of government with a king, queen, or emperor.

Mixed market

Type of economy that the U.S. has.

Bill of Rights

1st 10 amendments to the Constitution.

Constitution

Created after the Articles of Confederation were discarded or scrapped.

England

Country that controlled the original 13 colonies.

Taxation without representation

Main reason for the war for independence.

Declaration of independence

Document that declared the colonies free from England and listed problems with the king.

Articles of Confederation

The document that represented this country's first try at a government before the Constitution.

Thomas Jefferson

The man who wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Federalists and Anti-federalists

Two political parties that emerged in the fight over the Constitution.

Common Sense

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that explained the reasons for independence.

Preamble

The beginning of the Constitution.

Legislative Branch

Article I of the Constitution created this.

Separation of Powers

This idea was Montesquieu's and said governments should have this so one branch isn't more powerful than the other.

Free press, religion, petition, assembly, and speech

Rights promised in the first amendment.

Executive Branch

Article II of the Constitution created this.

Judicial Branch

Article III of the Constitution created this.

27

Number of amendments to the Constitution.

Judicial Review

Most important power of the Supreme Court that interprets the Constitution.

Bill of Rights

1st 10 amendments to the Constitution.

13 th amendment

Abolished slavery.

435

Set number of representatives in the House of Representatives.

2

Amount of Senators there are from each state.

6 years

One term for a U.S. Senator.

2 years

One term for a U.S. Representative.

Population

How representatives are determined for each state.

Speaker of the house

Most powerful person in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Vice-president

Person who presides over all the meetings of the Senate

400,000 + benefits

The salary of the president.

Born in this country and live here for 14 years

Qualification to be president.

35

Age to be president.

Executive Branch

Branch the president is a part of.

Electoral college

The body that elected the president.

270

The amount of electoral votes needed for a president to win an election.

4

One term for a U.S. president

Plessy v. Ferguson

Court case that said separate but equal was Constitutional

Brown v. Board of Education

Court case that helped to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson.

Article III

Established the Judicial Branch in the Constitution.

9

Number of justices in the Supreme Court.

14th

The amendment that expanded the rights of every citizen.

Miranda v. Arizona

Court case that said police had to read a person their rights when being arrested.

Supreme Court

The highest court in the land.

Sources of citizenship

Born in this country, born to an American parent outside the country, naturalization.

double jeopardy

Can't be tried for the same crime twice.

discrimination

When people are treated unfairly due to their gender, race, ethnic group, age, etc...

Constitution

We the People of the United States in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility....

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Flag-burning is symbolic speech with a political purpose and is protected by 1st Amendment.

New Jesey v TLO

Searches in SCHOOLS

Tinker v. Des Moines

Student speech in SCHOOLS

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

School newspapers can be censored by teachers and administrators in SCHOOLS

538

Total number of electoral votes available

Karl Marx

founder of modern communism

Discrimination

Denial of rights to people based upon their race, gender, age, etc....

Reserved powers

Powers given to the states by the national government

mandate

an official order or commission to do something by the government. Ex: Americans with Disabilities act

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Delegated powers

Powers specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution, for example, the authority to print money.

Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

The clause in Article I, Section 8, that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers.

Federalism

A government system in which power is divided between the national and state governments. Article 4 of the Constitution.

Limited Government

Good!!!! More rights to citizens and less power to the government

Unlimited Government

Bad!!!! No limits on what the government can do: less power and rights to the people

Implied powers

Examples: NASA, a draft, flight regulations

Reserved Powers

Examples: Schools, waste disposal, licenses

Delegated Powers

Examples: Coin Money, raise an army, declare war

Concurrent Powers

Examples: Taxes!!!!!!

Conservative

A person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom.

Liberal

A person whose views favor more govt involvemnt in business, social welfare, minority rights, &increased govt spending

Republican and Democrat

two major political parties

Republicans

Tend to be more conservative

Democrats

Tend to be more liberal

Third Parties

Alternative to major parties, take votes away, and push issues

Burning a flag, burning draft cards, passing out leaflets

behavior related to the first amendment

4th amendment

No illegal search and seizure

Free Exercise Clause

A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

14th amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Natural born citizen

someone who was born in the U.S. or born to U.S. citizens

Obey the law, pay taxes, vote

Things a good citizen should do.

7

Number of Articles in the Constitution

Engle v. Vitale (1962)

Held that public schools cannot require students to say prayers. Violates the establishment clause.

Congress

the legislature of the United States government with the House and Senate.

Impeachment

Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

Privileges and Immunities Clause

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

2/3 vote in both houses

How Congress can override a presidential veto