Spanish Verb Conjugations and Tenses: Present, Preterite, Imperfect, Future, Subjunctive, and Imperative

Conditional endings (all verbs)

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Definition: Conditional

Expresses hypothetical situations or polite requests. Example: I would speak, they would eat. (Add endings to the end of the infinitive)

Definition: Future

Expresses actions that will happen later. Example: I will speak, they will eat. (Add endings to the end of the infinitive)

Definition: Imperative

Used for giving commands or requests. Affirmative tells someone to do something; negative tells them not to.

Definition: Imperfect

Describes repeated or ongoing past actions, background info, or age/time in the past. Example: I used to speak, they were eating.

Definition: Non-Finite Forms

Not conjugated by person/number. Infinitive = to speak, Gerund = speaking, Participle = spoken.

Definition: Present Indicative

Expresses actions happening now, general truths, or habitual actions. Example: I speak, you eat, they live.

Definition: Preterite

Past actions completed at a specific point in time. Example: I spoke yesterday, they ate lunch, we lived there for a year.

Definition: Subjunctive Future

Rare/archaic tense. Sometimes used in legal or poetic contexts to talk about possible future events.

Definition: Subjunctive Imperfect

Used in hypothetical or contrary-to-fact clauses about the past, often with 'si' (if).

Definition: Subjunctive Present

Used for wishes, doubts, recommendations, uncertainty, and after specific triggers (que, ojalá, etc.).

Future endings (all verbs)

-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án

Imperative Affirmative endings

tú: -a/-e, usted: -e/-a, vosotros: -ad/-ed/-id, ustedes: -en/-an

Imperative Negative endings

tú: -es/-as, usted: -e/-a, vosotros: -éis/-áis, ustedes: -en/-an

Imperfect -ar endings

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban

Imperfect -er/-ir endings

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Non-Finite Forms

Infinitive: -ar, -er, -ir Gerund: -ando, -iendo Participle: -ado, -ido

Present Indicative -ar endings

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

Present Indicative -er endings

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

Present Indicative -ir endings

-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en

Preterite -ar endings

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron

Preterite -er/-ir endings

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

Subjunctive Future -ar

-are, -ares, -are, -áremos, -areis, -aren

Subjunctive Future -er/-ir

-iere, -ieres, -iere, -iéremos, -iereis, -ieren

Subjunctive Imperfect -ra (ar)

-ara, -aras, -ara, -áramos, -arais, -aran

Subjunctive Imperfect -ra (er/ir)

-iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran

Subjunctive Imperfect -se (ar)

-ase, -ases, -ase, -ásemos, -aseis, -asen

Subjunctive Imperfect -se (er/ir)

-iese, -ieses, -iese, -iésemos, -ieseis, -iesen

Subjunctive Present -ar endings

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

Subjunctive Present -er/-ir endings

-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

Conditional endings (all verbs)

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Definition: Conditional

Expresses hypothetical situations or polite requests. Example: I would speak, they would eat. (Add endings to the end of the infinitive)

Definition: Future

Expresses actions that will happen later. Example: I will speak, they will eat. (Add endings to the end of the infinitive)

Definition: Imperative

Used for giving commands or requests. Affirmative tells someone to do something; negative tells them not to.

Definition: Imperfect

Describes repeated or ongoing past actions, background info, or age/time in the past. Example: I used to speak, they were eating.

Definition: Non-Finite Forms

Not conjugated by person/number. Infinitive = to speak, Gerund = speaking, Participle = spoken.

Definition: Present Indicative

Expresses actions happening now, general truths, or habitual actions. Example: I speak, you eat, they live.

Definition: Preterite

Past actions completed at a specific point in time. Example: I spoke yesterday, they ate lunch, we lived there for a year.

Definition: Subjunctive Future

Rare/archaic tense. Sometimes used in legal or poetic contexts to talk about possible future events.

Definition: Subjunctive Imperfect

Used in hypothetical or contrary-to-fact clauses about the past, often with 'si' (if).

Definition: Subjunctive Present

Used for wishes, doubts, recommendations, uncertainty, and after specific triggers (que, ojalá, etc.).

Future endings (all verbs)

-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án

Imperative Affirmative endings

tú: -a/-e, usted: -e/-a, vosotros: -ad/-ed/-id, ustedes: -en/-an

Imperative Negative endings

tú: -es/-as, usted: -e/-a, vosotros: -éis/-áis, ustedes: -en/-an

Imperfect -ar endings

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban

Imperfect -er/-ir endings

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían

Non-Finite Forms

Infinitive: -ar, -er, -ir Gerund: -ando, -iendo Participle: -ado, -ido

Present Indicative -ar endings

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

Present Indicative -er endings

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

Present Indicative -ir endings

-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en

Preterite -ar endings

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron

Preterite -er/-ir endings

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

Subjunctive Future -ar

-are, -ares, -are, -áremos, -areis, -aren

Subjunctive Future -er/-ir

-iere, -ieres, -iere, -iéremos, -iereis, -ieren

Subjunctive Imperfect -ra (ar)

-ara, -aras, -ara, -áramos, -arais, -aran

Subjunctive Imperfect -ra (er/ir)

-iera, -ieras, -iera, -iéramos, -ierais, -ieran

Subjunctive Imperfect -se (ar)

-ase, -ases, -ase, -ásemos, -aseis, -asen

Subjunctive Imperfect -se (er/ir)

-iese, -ieses, -iese, -iésemos, -ieseis, -iesen

Subjunctive Present -ar endings

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

Subjunctive Present -er/-ir endings

-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

abrir (present tense)

abro, abres, abre, abrimos, abren

abrir (future tense)

abriré, abrirás, abrirá, abriremos, abrirán

abrir (preterite tense)

abrí, abriste, abrió, abrimos, abrieron

abrir (conditional tense)

abriría, abrirías, abriría, abriríamos, abrirían

aprender (present tense)

aprendo, aprendes, aprende, aprendemos, aprenden

aprender (future tense)

aprenderé, aprenderás, aprenderá, aprenderemos, aprenderán

aprender (preterite tense)

aprendí, aprendiste, aprendió, aprendimos, aprendieron

aprender (conditional tense)

aprendería, aprenderías, aprendería, aprenderíamos, aprenderían

beber (present tense)

bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos, beben

beber (future tense)

beberé, beberás, beberá, beberemos, beberán

beber (preterite tense)

bebí, bebiste, bebió, bebimos, bebieron

beber (conditional tense)

bebería, beberías, bebería, beberíamos, beberían

comer (present tense)

como, comes, come, comemos, comen

comer (future tense)

comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comerán

comer (preterite tense)

comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comieron

comer (conditional tense)

comería, comerías, comería, comeríamos, comerían

correr (present tense)

corro, corres, corre, corremos, corren

correr (future tense)

correré, correrás, correrá, correremos, correrán

correr (preterite tense)

corrí, corriste, corrió, corrimos, corrieron

correr (conditional tense)

correría, correrías, correría, correríamos, correrían

creer (present tense)

creo, crees, cree, creemos, creen

creer (future tense)

creeré, creerás, creerá, creeremos, creerán

creer (preterite tense)

creí, creíste, creyó, creímos, creyeron

creer (conditional tense)

creería, creerías, creería, creeríamos, creerían

dar (present tense)

doy, das, da, damos, dan

dar (future tense)

daré, darás, dará, daremos, darán

dar (preterite tense)

di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron

dar (conditional tense)

daría, darías, daría, daríamos, darían

decir (present tense)

digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen

decir (future tense)

diré, dirás, dirá, diremos, dirán

decir (preterite tense)

dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron

decir (conditional tense)

diría, dirías, diría, diríamos, dirían

dormir (present tense)

duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen

dormir (future tense)

dormiré, dormirás, dormirá, dormiremos, dormirán

dormir (preterite tense)

dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, durmieron

dormir (conditional tense)

dormiría, dormirías, dormiría, dormiríamos, dormirían

Conjugate 'escribir' (present tense)

escribo, escribes, escribe, escribimos, escriben

Conjugate 'escribir' (future tense)

escribiré, escribirás, escribirá, escribiremos, escribirán

Conjugate 'escribir' (past tense)

escribí, escribiste, escribió, escribimos, escribieron

Conjugate 'escribir' (conditional tense)

escribiría, escribirías, escribiría, escribiríamos, escribirían