kine 404 quiz questions

Ecologic studies use the group as the unit of analysis rather than the individual. t or f

True

Analytic epidemiologic studies focus on causal associations between exposures and outcomes. t or f

true

Screening tests need to demonstrate moderate reliability and consistent validity. t or f

False

Analytic studies can be either observational or experimental. t or f

True

The phenomenon of over diagnosis may result in unwarranted medical testing and procedures. t or f

true

Selective screening is likely to result in the greatest yield of true cases. t or f

true

An erroneous inference that may occur because an association observed between variables on an aggregate level does not necessarily reflect the association at an individual level is known as an:

Ecologic Fallacy

The ability of a test to identify only nondiseased individuals who actually do not have the disease refers to the test’s:

specificity

A definitive diagnosis that has been determined by biopsy, surgery, autopsy, or other methods and has been accepted as the standard is known as:

gold standard

Random assignment of subjects to study groups helps to control for:

 

Biases Due to Confounding

A reservoir can be human beings, animals, insects, soils, and/or plants. t or f

True

Measles is an example of a zoonotic disease. t or f

False

An anxiety disorder that some people develop after seeing or living through an event that caused or threatened serious harm or death is known as:

 

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation is:

Stress

The choice of behavioral factors that affect how we live is known as:

Lifestyle

Determination of the incubation period for a disease outbreak helps to:

 

Identify possible infectious agents

The first case of a disease to come to the attention of authorities is the:

 

Index case

The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of persons or animals is known as:

 

An infection

An animate, living insect or animal that is involved with the transmission of disease agents is a:

Vector

In developed countries, infectious diseases have replaced chronic health problems as the leading killers during the past century.

False

Global warming is a controversial topic that refers to the gradual decrease in the earth’s temperature over time. t or f

False

Certain genes can be markers for susceptibility but do not confer risk on their own. t or f

True

Molecular epidemiology uses molecular markers in addition to genes to establish exposure-disease relationships. t or f

True

All of the following are examples of diseases known or believed to have a genetic basis EXCEPT:

 

Hemophilia

 

Chlamydia

 

Downs syndrome

 

None of these choices are correct

 

Tay-Sachs disease

Chlamydia

A strength of exposure assessment is that high-quality data on exposures are often unavailable. t or f

False

Laws and regulations are developed as methods of policy implementation. t or f

True

A plan, or course of action, as of a government, political party, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters is known as:

policy

A group of persons working on behalf of or strongly supporting a particular cause, such as an item of legislation, an industry, or a special segment of society, is known as:

an interest group

The first phase of the policy cycle is regarded as the most crucial phase of the policy development process. t or f

 

True