EXAM 3 : Urinary pt. 1

Components of the urinary system

2 kidneys

2 ureters

1 bladder

1 urethra

Kidney functions

Blood volume

Electrolytes

EPO

Calcitriol

EPO

Produce RBC

Increase viscosity

Calcitriol

Increase in osteoclast activity

Kidney location

T12-L3

Right kidney is _____ than the left

Lower

What crosses the middle of the left kidney

Rib 12 (floating)

Retroperitoneal structures

Pancreas

Kidney

Duodenum

Urine production order (First 4)

Renal cortex - renal pyramid - minor calyx - major calyx

Urine production order (Last 4)

Renal pelvis - ureter - bladder - urethra

Renal cortex

Nephron

Outer kidney

Pyramid of renal medulla

Inner kidney

Inferior tip of renal pyramid that empties into minor calyx

Renal papilla

Renal column

Between the pyramids

Renal circulation order (First 4)

Desc. abdominal - renal - segmental - interlobar

Renal circulation order (Last 4)

Arcuate - cortical radiate - afferent arteriole - glomerulus

Arteries located in the cortex

Cortical radiate a.

Arteries located in the medulla

Segmental

Interlobar

Arcuate

Cortical nephron

85%

The end of the nephron delivering the urine into the minor calyx

Collecting duct

2 principal parts of the nephron

Renal corpuscle

Renal tubule

Renal corpuscle function and 2 components

Filtration

Glomerulosa

Bowmans capsule

Which is larger afferent or efferent arteriole?

What does it do to pressure in the renal corpuscle

Afferent

Increase

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Start of renal t.

reabsorption using active transport

4 regions of the renal tubule and order

PCT - loop of henle - DCT - collecting duct

Loop of henle (Nephron loop)

Concentration

Descending - water

Ascending - solutes

Distal convulated tubule (DCT)

pH balance

Collecting duct function

Water reabsorption

Which hormone increases permeability of the collecting duct to allow for water retention

ADH

2 things you don’t want to see in the urine

Protein

Blood

In the Distal convulating tubule, we have the ______ ______ which is loaded w/ baroreceptors

Macula densa

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Blood flowing through kidney per min

GFR and BP relationship

Direct

High bp were going to constrict which arteriole

Afferent

Low bp were going to constrict which arteriole

Efferent

When were in sympathetic stimulation were going to ______ blood flow to the urinary system

Decrease

Hormones of kidney liver and adrenal cortex

Renin

Angiotensin

Aldosterone

How does aldosterone help with raising bp

Sodium retention

Which hormone constricts the efferent arteriole and raises GFR

Angiotensin

ADH makes the collecting duct ____ permeable to water

More

Hypertonic urine

Increased osmolarity

Loop of Henley : Where is concentration highest

Bottom of loop

Osmolarity is _______ in the descending limb

Increasing

Loop of Henley : Where is concentration lowest

End of ascending limb

Osmolarity is ______ in the ascending limb

Decreasing

pH of urine

6

Specific gravity and what’s the relationship with osmolarity

Density of urine

Direct

During dehydration _____ of urine increases

Density

What type of patient has polyuria

Diabetic

What type of patient has oliguria

Dehydration

What type of patient has anuria

Kidney failure

Diuretics

Increases urine volume

Inhibits ADH