GI and Liver Pathophysiology Review

These flashcards cover essential terms and definitions related to gastrointestinal and liver pathophysiology.

GI Tract

Gastrointestinal tract; the system responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing due to neuromuscular or structural dysfunction.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to incomplete closure of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Cholelithiasis

Gallstones, primarily composed of cholesterol, often asymptomatic but can cause biliary colic.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Cognitive dysfunction due to liver failure or severe liver disease, often linked with elevated ammonia levels.

Cirrhosis

Irreversible end stage of multiple liver diseases characterized by fibrosis and scarring that alter blood flow.

Jaundice

Yellowing of skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, indicating liver dysfunction.

Ascites

Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, often due to advanced liver disease and portal hypertension.

Ulcerative Colitis

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the mucosa of the rectum and colon.

Crohn's Disease

Inflammation of the GI tract that extends through all layers, commonly affecting the terminal ileum.