Jazz History Exam II (Bebop/Jazz Evolution and Key Figure Questions)

How did bebop differ from swing, and was it an evolution or revolution?

 Bebop was a faster, more complex style of jazz that emerged in the 1940s. It broke away from swing by focusing on artistic expression and improvisation rather than danceable rhythms. Bebop can be seen as both an evolution and a revolution in jazz music

What was the culture and image of bebop musicians?

Bebop musicians were seen as intellectuals and rebels who rejected commercialism and focused on complex, improvisational music. Their image was one of artistic independence and resistance to the mainstream.

 How did jazz composition change in the 1950s and 1960s?

Jazz in the 1950s and 1960s became more focused on artistic expression, moving away from commercial concerns. This period saw the rise of cool jazz, hard bop, and modal jazz, with an emphasis on complex compositions and innovation.

 Why was Benny Goodman known as the "King of Swing"?

 Benny Goodman earned the title "King of Swing" for his role in popularizing swing music, especially through his big band and performances at major venues like the Carnegie Hall concert in 1938.

What is the "Basie sound" and why is it significant?

The "Basie sound" refers to Count Basie's unique approach to rhythm, featuring a light and swinging rhythm section. This sound was pivotal in the development of swing and jazz overall.

What was the "Ellington Effect," and why was Duke Ellington considered "beyond category"?

The "Ellington Effect" refers to Duke Ellington's ability to blend different genres and create timeless, sophisticated compositions. He was considered "beyond category" because his music transcended jazz and influenced classical music, making him a universally respected figure.

What is the significance of Coleman Hawkins in jazz history?

Coleman Hawkins, known for his rich, full-bodied sound, is credited with establishing the tenor saxophone as a prominent jazz instrument. His harmonic exploration led to the "Hawkins School" of saxophone playing.