Pharmacology Study Questions

Practice flashcards covering key terms and definitions in pharmacology based on the provided lecture notes.

Hyperkalemia

A condition characterized by an excessive amount of potassium in the blood, treated with medications such as insulin and glucose.

Antihypertensive Drug

A medication used to treat high blood pressure, such as hydralazine.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) Prevention

Clopidogrel is commonly used to prevent myocardial infarction by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Loop Diuretics

Medications that primarily act on the loop of Henle to promote urine production.

Opioid Addiction Treatment

Methadone is used as a medication to treat opioid dependency.

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs known for their common side effects, including gastric ulcers.

Red Man Syndrome

A side effect associated with vancomycin when infused too quickly.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Drugs that help retain potassium, with potential side effects including hyperkalemia.

Lithium Monitoring

Important to monitor renal function while using lithium for bipolar disorder.

Statins

Medications used to lower cholesterol, with common side effects like muscle pain.

Antihistamines Side Effects

Known for causing dizziness among other side effects.

NSAIDs Contraindication

Peptic ulcer disease is a contraindication for NSAID use.

Hypothyroidism Treatment

Levothyroxine is commonly prescribed to manage hypothyroidism.

Nitrate Mechanism

Nitrates work by dilating blood vessels and reducing preload in angina treatment.

Calcium Channel Blockers Side Effects

A common side effect of this class of drugs is peripheral edema.

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition

Losartan is used to treat hypertension by inhibiting this system.

SSRI Side Effect

Sexual dysfunction is a known side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Parkinson’s Disease Medication

Carbidopa/Levodopa is a standard treatment option for Parkinson’s.

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

Warfarin is an antiplatelet agent used to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Sulfonylureas are often considered a second-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes.

Corticosteroid Side Effects

Potential side effects of corticosteroid use include hypertension.

Beta-Blocker for Heart Failure

Metoprolol is an example of a beta-blocker used in managing heart failure.

Warfarin Mechanism of Action

Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase to prevent clotting.

TNF-alpha Inhibitor for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Adalimumab is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting TNF-alpha.

Gout Treatment

Allopurinol is a common medication prescribed to manage gout.

Antihistamine Side Effects

Antihistamines can cause dry mouth among other side effects.

Acute Bacterial Infection Treatment

Amoxicillin is commonly used to treat acute bacterial infections.

Diuretic Side Effect

Hypokalemia is a common side effect associated with the use of diuretics.

ADHD Treatment

Lisdexamfetamine is a medication prescribed for managing ADHD.

COPD Management

Prednisone is used in COPD to reduce inflammation and mucus production.

Hypercalcemia Treatment

Calcitonin is used to treat hypercalcemia by inhibiting bone resorption.

Statin Side Effect

Muscle weakness can be a potential side effect of statin medications.

Antiplatelet Agents

Clopidogrel is an example of a drug used as an antiplatelet agent.

Beta-Blockers Mechanism

Beta-blockers treat heart failure by blocking the sympathetic nervous system.

Myocardial Infarction Treatment

Clopidogrel is used in acute myocardial infarction to inhibit platelet aggregation.

Proton Pump Inhibitors Mechanism

PPIs inhibit the proton pump in parietal cells to reduce gastric acid secretion.

Antifungal Medication

Fluconazole treats fungal infections by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.

Acetaminophen Antidote

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.

SSRIs Common Side Effect

Sexual dysfunction is one of the most commonly reported side effects of SSRIs.

Asthma Acute Attack Treatment

Albuterol is an example of a medication used to treat an acute asthma attack.

Peptic Ulcer Medication

Omeprazole is commonly used to treat peptic ulcers.

Vasodilation Effect

Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.

Corticosteroid High-Dose Side Effect

Cushing’s syndrome can be a side effect of high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment

Sertraline is considered a first-line treatment for generalized anxiety disorder.

Gout Uric Acid Level Treatment

Allopurinol is used to lower uric acid levels in patients with gout.

Angina Attack Treatment

Nitroglycerin is used to treat acute angina attacks.

Erectile Dysfunction Medication

Sildenafil is a medication prescribed for erectile dysfunction.

Heparin Antidote

Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose.

Hyperlipidemia Medication

Ezetimibe works by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine.

Lithium Side Effect

Hypothyroidism is a potential side effect of lithium therapy.