western civ 2 jcjc final
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Last updated 10:17 PM on 4/27/23
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153 Terms
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God
According to the divine right theory, rules received their power from ?
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France and Spain
Royal absolutism first emerged in what two countries/kingdoms?
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Richelieu
Who was the French official who played the most important role in centralizing the authority of the French monarch?
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Cardinal Mazarin
Who succeeded Cardinal Richelieu as minister to the French King ?
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Louis XIV
Who ruled France in the 2nd half of the 1600's ?
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The Thirty Years' War
What event most changed the nature of the Holy Roman Empire ?
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Fredrick William
Who ruled Prussia ?
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The Hasburgs
Who ruled Austria ?
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Peter I
Russia began to Westernize during the reign of who ?
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Stuart
What dynasty was inaugurated under James I ?
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the king
The long parliament attacked the power of who ?
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John Locke
Who wrote the Two Treatises of Government in 1690 ?
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Nicolas Copernicus
Who first argued that the sun is at the center of the solar system ?
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Johannes Kepler
Proved that the planets move in an elliptical orbit
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Physics
Galileo's scientific work helped lay the foundations for which modern discipline ?
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Robert Boyle
Helped transform alchemy to chemistry
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William Harvey
Who showed that blood circulates throughout the body ?
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Observation
What is Empiricism based on ?
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Rene Descartes
Who was the main advocate of destructive reasoning?
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Issac Newton
Who wrote Mathematical Principles Of Natural Philosophy ?
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Deism
What is the belief that God exists but is not active in the world ?
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Blaise Pascal
Who was a French philosopher that argued that faith was superior to reason ?
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Margaret Cavendish
Who was an English noblewoman who wrote scientific and philosophical treasties ?
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George Fox
Founder of the Quakers
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Captain James Cook
Who was the British naval officer that claimed the eastern coast of Australia for Great Britain ?
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France
What country originally claimed much of Canada , as well as the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys ?
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Spain
What country held the largest overseas empire in 1650?
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Mercantilism
is fundamentally a form of protectionism
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Spain and Britain
What 2 countries fought in the War of Jenkins' Ear?
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The Seven Years' War
The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended what conflict ?
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Sugar
What commodity dominated the trans-Atlantic trade in the 17th and 18th centuries?
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The Middle Passage
What was the part of the slave trade that included the voyage across the Atlantic ?
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Brazil and the Caribbean
Where were most African slaves shipped to from 1500 to 1900 ?
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Britain
In the 1700s, \___________ gained control of India
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The British Stamp Act of 1765
What required the purchase of stamps for any printed item ?
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The Treaty of Paris
What treaty ended the American Revolution in 1783?
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Locke
Which political theorist inspired the Declaration of Independence?
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nobility
The \_________ are distinguished from other social groups because of their hereditary titles
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The Enlightenment
What was the dominant intellectual movement of the 18th century
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The Philosophes
Who are defines as Enlightenment philosophers?
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Adam Smith
Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?
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David Hume
Author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding that introduced new ideas about the reliability of our senses
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Voltaire
Who was The author of Candide?
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Baron de Montesquieu
Who was the most influential political writer during the Enlightenment ?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who was the author of The Social Contract?
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American Independence
In Common Sense , Thomas Paine argued for what ?
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Mary Wollstonecraft
Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women ?
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The Encyclopedia
What was the most famous work of Denis Diderot?
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monarchies
The political order of the Old Regime was based on \___________ ?
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the clergy, the nobility, & the commoners
What were the 3 divisions of the Estates General?
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Third Estate
What represented about 96% of the French population ?
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all adult males
Under the National Convention, the suffrage was extended in France to \___________ ?
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Maximilien Robespierre
Who was the most prominent leader of the Reign of Terror?
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The Directory
What was a government headed by five men ?
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The Concordat
What was Napoleon's agreement with the Catholic Church ?
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The Peninsular War
Which war involved Napoleon's conquest of Spain ?
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Napoleon
Who was forced to offer his abdication after allied forced took Paris in 1814?
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Louis XVIII
Who headed the new French government after Napoleon's abdication in 1814?
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The Duke of Wellington
What was the name of the general who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo ?
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Congress of Vienna
Dynastic legitimacy and the balance of power guided the delegates at \________________ .
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The Spinning Jenny
What was invented by James Hargreaves in 1761 ?
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iron
Because of their demand for \_________, expanding railroads became major consumers of industrial goods.
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doubled
Between 1680 and 1820, the English population \_____________ .
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open fields
Enclosure ended what system ?
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Spain and Italy
Which countries began to industrialize in the late 1800s ?
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Thomas Malthus
Who wrote, "Essay on the Principle of Poplulation"?
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Friedrich Engels
Who wrote "The Condition of the Working Class in English" in 1844?
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75%
During the early Industrial Revolution, women and children accounted for as much as \_______ of the labor force in the woolen industry.
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The British Factory Act
What limited child labor in 1833?
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about 1/3 to 1/2
Women factory workers were paid \_______________ of a man's wages .
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Luddites
Who opposed industrialization?
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David Ricardo
Who developed the concept of an "iron law of wages" ?
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Georg Hegel
Who was the philosopher that gave Karl Marx the idea of the dialectic ?
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culture
Nations are tied together by a belief in a common \____________ ?
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Romanticism
What was the main cultural movement of the 19th century ?
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The Congress of Vienna
The Concert of Europe was the system produced by \_________________ ?
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Belgium
In 1830, \_________ achieved independence.
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The Great Reform Bill
What gave most male property holders the right to vote in Great Britain in 1832?
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France
What country provides critical military aid in the process of Italian unification ?
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Otto von Bismarck
Who led the process of German unification?
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The Franco-Prussian War
Which war directly led to German unification?
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The Ausgleich of 1867
What resulted in the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
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The Battle of Sedan
At what battle was Napoleon III captured ?
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1870s
The second Industrial Revolution began in what decade ?
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Michael Faraday
Who designed the 1st electromagnetic generator?
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North America
Most European emigrants in 1860 to 1914 went where ?
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1860s
The Emancipation of the Russian serfs took place in what decade ?
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Eduard Bernstein
Who is the political theorist most commonly associated with socialist revisionism ?
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Syndicalism
What was a radical workers' movement?
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Middle Class
Which social class dominated the feminist movement in the late 19th century?
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Temperance Movement
Which popular reform movement became associated with women's rights in the late 1800s?
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Emmeline Pankhurst
Who was the most famous leader of the British suffragette movement?
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Louis Pasteur
Who first identified bacteria as the cause of diseases ?
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Robert Koch
Who isolated the tuberculosis and cholera bacilli?
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Hebert Spencer
Who first used the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
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Sigmund Freud
Who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams?
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Modernism
What was the dominant artistic movement of the early 1900s ?
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Cubist movement
Pablo Picasso is best known as a leader in what ?
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Emile Durkheim
Who was one of the founders of French sociology?
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Missionaries
David Livingstone illustrates the role of \___________ in the new imperialism.
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Flashcards (45)