Main Points

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to blood pressure regulation and the circulatory system, focusing on hormones, mechanisms, and physiological processes.

Epinephrine

A hormone that promotes vasoconstriction and increases heart rate and contractility.

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone that promotes water retention and helps regulate blood pressure.

Angiotensin II

A hormone that causes vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

A hormone that promotes vasodilation and reduces blood volume.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A hormonal mechanism that regulates blood volume and pressure.

Hypertension

Chronic high blood pressure readings above 140/90 mm Hg.

Hypotension

Low blood pressure, defined as below 90/60 mm Hg.

Circulatory shock

A condition where blood perfusion to body tissues is inadequate.

Extrinsic controls

Regulatory mechanisms involving nerves and hormones to maintain blood pressure.

Autoregulation

Local adjustment of blood flow to organs based on immediate needs.

Vasodilators

Substances that cause blood vessels to widen, increasing blood flow.

Filtrate formation

The process by which the kidneys filter blood and form urine.

Capillary exchange

The process of nutrient and gas exchange between blood and interstitial fluid.

Bulk flow

Movement of fluids that determines fluid distribution between blood and interstitial space.

Edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.

Systemic circulation

The pathway in which oxygenated blood is transported from the left ventricle to body tissues.

Pulmonary circulation

The pathway in which deoxygenated blood is transported to the lungs for oxygenation.

Interconnections in superficial veins

Numerous pathways formed by superficial veins for blood drainage.

Hepatic portal system

A circulatory system that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Nutrient exchange in capillaries

Diffusion of smaller molecules across the capillary walls, while larger molecules are transported actively.