chap 1 microbio

microbes are

tiny

microbiology deals with living things too small to be seen without

magnification

microorganisms include

bacteria, algae, protozoa

viruses can infect

all living cells

viruses are

parasitic

viruses are ______ genetic elements

protein coded

viruses are dependent on their

infected host

viruses are connected with the evolution of

microbes and humans

microorganisms reproduce

rapidly

microorganisms can be quickly grown in _____ populations in the laboratory

large

microorganisms can’t be seen

directly

micro size=

10^-6 M

what do you use to study microorganisms?

microscopes and other magnifying devices

Bacterial-type organisms have been on the planet for about

3.5 billion years

only living inhabitants for

first 2 billion years

prokaryotes have no true

nucleus (pre-nucleus)

Eukaryotic organisms arose about _____ billion years ago

1.8

eu-kary means

true nucleus

____ organisms are precursors to the organisms that eventually formed multicellular animals

eukaryotic

microbes are

ubiquitous

where are microbes found?

in the earth’s crust, polar ice caps, oceans, and bodies of plants and animals

microbes occur in ____ numbers

large

microbes live in places where other organisms

cannot survive

______ photosynthesis: light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material that does not produce oxygen

Anoxygenic

____ photosynthesis: light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to   organic material that does produce oxygen

oxygenic

oxygenic photosynthesis is the source of

oxygen on the planet

oxygenic photosynthesis lead to the use of oxygen for

aerobic respiration

photosynthetic microorganisms account for ____ of the earth’s photosynthesis

70%

microbes are the main forces that drive the

structure and content of the soil, water, and atmosphere

microbes produce gases such as

CO2, NO, and CH3 that regulate the temp of the earth

the underground community of microbes influence

weathering, mineral extraction, and soil formation

_____ and _____ live in close associations with   plants that help them obtain nutrients and protect them against disease

bacteria and fungi

which of the following is NOT considered a microbe?

bacterium

alga

mushroom

protozoan

mushroom

historical uses of microbes by humans

bread, alcohol, cheese production, treatment of wounds and lesions, mining precious metals, clean up of human-created contamination

_______: an area of biotechnology that manipulates the   genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for   creating new products and genetically modified   organisms   (GMOs)

genetic engineering

_______: the transfer of genetic material from one   organism to another to deliberately alter the DNA and produce a specific product

recombinant DNA technology

______: environmental cleanup: the use of microorganisms, either naturally occurring or artificially introduced, to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants

bioremediation

the majority of microorganisms that associate with humans cause ___ harm

no

_____: microbes that cause disease

pathogens