Communication & Internet Technologies Flashcards

Flashcards covering communication and internet technologies, including protocols, TCP/IP, IP addressing, application-layer protocols, peer-to-peer file sharing, routers, and packet/circuit switching.

Q: Protocols

A: A set of rules for data transmission which are agreed upon by the sender and receiver.

Q: Network Communication Protocol

A: A standard method for transmitting data from one computer to another across a network.

Q: Layer Interaction in a Protocol Stack

A: Each layer can only accept input from the next higher layer or the next lower layer.

Q: Physical Layer (Layer 1)

A: The layer at which basic communication takes place bit by bit from device to device.

Q: Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

A: Acts as a correspondent between the network and physical layer.

Q: Network/Internet Layer (Layer 3)

A: Responsible for the transmission of data, ensuring data packets reach the destination, and performs routing.

Q: Transport Layer (Layer 4)

A: Divides data into smaller packets, writes source and destination addresses, and includes sequence numbers on each packet.

Q: Application Layer (Layer 5)

A: Consists of protocols which provide services to the network layer via the transport layer.

Q: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

A: Organizes how data packets are communicated over the internet, ensuring packets contain source, destination, packet sequence, data, and error check information.

Q: Decomposition (Using Layers)

A: Breaks the process down into manageable self-contained modules, making it easier to develop and make software and hardware compatible.

Q: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A: Ensures the safe delivery of the message to the receiver by creating sufficient packets to hold all of the data.

Q: IP (Internet Protocol)

A: Ensures correct routing over the Internet by adding a header containing the IP addresses of the sender and receiver to the packet.

Q: Data-link Layer

A: Assembles datagrams into frames.

Q: IP Address

A: A unique address for every device on the internet, included in a data packet.

Q: FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

A: Used to transfer large files and often used for organizing files on a web server for a website.

Q: HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

A: Transfers web pages from web servers to the client.

Q: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

A: Used to send email and is sometimes referred to as a push protocol.

Q: POP (Post Office Protocol Version 3) & IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

A: Used to receive email and known as pull protocols.

Q: VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

A: A set of protocols that enables people to have voice conversations over the internet.

Q: UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

A: A connectionless service that does not require handshaking and does not have a congestion control mechanism.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) File-Sharing

A: An architecture that has no structure and no controlling mechanism, where peers act