Period 2: 1607-1754 Patterns of Empire and Resistance

Apush

Repartimiento system

Banning outright Indian slavery and mandating that Indians laborers be paid wages.

Enclosure Movement

Held everyone the common land and sell it to private parties → population crisis in England

Jamestown, Virginia

Established in 1607

Virginia Company funded it

Starving time in Jamestown

• Winter of 1609-1610

• Mostly male (cannot plant)

• Cannot find gold or silver or plant crops → no more strorage food

• Lack survicval skill

Indentured servitude

Lower class English people to America

Massachusetts Bay Colony

“A City Upon a Hill”

• King Charles I want to surpress the Puritans in British

• Tell Massachussets Bay Company to establish one colony for puritans

• John Winthrop is the leader

Roger Williams

• Puritan minister

• Question the mistreatment to the Natives

• Believe that church should not involve in government (distract from God)

• Rhode Island → seperation of Church and Governance.

Anne Hutchinson

• underscored the limits placed on women's roles within Puritan society

• Banished by the Puritans community

• Come to Rhode Island

Connecticut

Massachuset Colony want to rid themselves of the heavy-handed rule of the colony’s governor (John Winthrop)

• Reverend Thomas Hooker disagreed withg the idea of membership of church with Winthrop

• Hooker: living a godly life

• Winthrop: prove conversion experience

→ Connectivut River Valley

Halfway Covenant (1662)

Puritans church allows for partial church membership for children of church members without the conversion experience (they still could be baptized and become partial)

Salem Witch Trials

hunt for witch (especially women)

Pennsylvinia

• Formed by William Penn

• Quakerism

• good relationship with the natives

Quaker

• religious freedom

• everyone equal

New York/New Amsterdam

• Settle by the Dutch

• Commercial port

• Large slave labor

The Negro Plot of 1741

• Tension in New York btw whites and blacks.

• Fire happen → arrested blacks

New England town meetings

All free male resident of a town → select a group of reprsentatives (selectmen) → self government

The House of Burgesses in Virginia

Virginia Company open this service for the need to govern the colony.

• All free adult could vot

• Later, only wealthy men → less powerful because small farmers cannot vote

Triangle Trade

• England: provide finished product (ceremics, firereams, shoes, furniture)

• Africa: Slave through human traffickers

• America: raw materials (crops)

Food source

• Tobacco → Virginia

• Rice and indigo → lower South (90% of exports from British North America)

• Sugarcane → West Indies, Barbados

• Wheat → Middle colonies: Pennsylvinia, New Yorl (German and Scots-Irish immigrants) (mostly indentured servants and redemptioners)

Redemptioners

an immigrant who paid for their passage to the Americas by agreeing to become an indentured servant

enumerated goods

Goods that only can be shipped to Britains (wood, rice, tobacco, sugar, indigo)

The colony need to sell them at low price but buy the finished product with high price

Navigations Act

• Colonies is the suppliers of raw material for Britain abd as markets for British manufactered items

• Wool Act, Hat Act, Iron Act

A charter colony

a colony was governed by a joint-stock company, granting it significant self-governance.

A proprietary colony

A colony was owned and governed by an individual or family who received a direct grant of authority from the king.

Salutary Neglect

an unwritten British policy, primarily during the 17th and 18th centuries, where the Crown and Parliament relaxed enforcement of regulations, particularly trade laws, in its American colonies

Molasses Act

Place a prohibitive import tax on sugar and molasses from non-British colonies into North America. Boston merchants routinely flouted this law, importing illegal sugar to supply Massachusetts rum distileries.

pastus sequitur ventrum

The child would inherit its mother status

→ Broke traditional Birtish law (the child inherit its father status) → rape of slave women by their white owners.

The Stono Rebelion

The rebelion by slave in south carolina. Kill over 20 owners.

John Locke

Belived that the primary role of government was to protect certain “natural rights”-including life, liberty, and property.