토플리딩ch2

rudimentary
"The earliest form of pottery made by rudimentary man was made by coils of clay."

기본적인, 기초적인,원시의

kiln

가마, 화로

marsupial

pouched mammal (like a kangaroo) 유대동물

account for

1. 설명하다
2. 이유가 되다
3. 차지하다
4. (재정/사유) 해명/계산하다
5. 소재를 파악하다
6. 고려하다 간주하다 (주로 수동태로 사용)

feral

wild, savage

ingest

To swallow for digestion

Paleolithic

Old Stone Age
구석기

predatory

육식성의

hervivore

An organism that eats only plants

forage
"Herbivores do not normally have to forage for food because vegetation is usually abundant."

search for food

maneuver

"the truck was unable to maneuver comfortably in the narrow street"

a movement or series of moves requiring skill and care
move skillfully or carefully.
이동하다 이동시키다

excavate

to dig out of the ground and remove
발굴하다

1. make (a hole or channel) by digging.
2. remove earth carefully and systematically from (an area) in order to find buried remains.

ascribe A to B = attribute A to B

A의 원인을 B로 돌리다

appliance

전기제품

flounder

도다리

refrain from
"these fish easily refrain from being detected"

avoid, abstain from, keep from

aspire

(v.) to have ambitious hopes or plans, strive toward a higher goal, desire earnestly; to ascend

versatile

(adj.) able to do many things well; capable of many uses

SYNONYMS: adaptable, handy, all-around, many-sided
ANTONYMS: limited, specialized, restricted

다재다능한, 융통성있는

deem

(v.) to think, believe; to consider, have an opinion

revere

to honor, to regard with respect

lateral

away from the midline

prong

pointed projecting part
뾰족한 끝

proposition

A suggested plan/ 주장

sever

to separate, divide into parts
절단하다

unilateral

one-sided
일면의

flick
"the flick of a switch"

a sudden sharp movement
(혀 등을)날름거리다

denounce

publicly declare to be wrong or evil; condemn

in conjuction with

together, with

terrestrial

relating to the land

geologist

a scientist who studies the earth

submerged

잠수하다

submersible

An underwater vehicle built of strong materials to resist pressure.

imagery

language that appeals to the senses
형상화(이미지)

in an instant

즉시

sedimentation

the action or process of forming or depositing sediment
퇴적

tectonic

pertaining to the structure or movement of the earth's crust
지질구조

transfer

to move from one place to another

tresspass

Enter without permission

gravitate

To move or be drawn toward something, especially by natural tendency or as if by an invisible force.

adjoin

to be next to

be lined with

"The walls of the old castle were lined with tapestries depicting scenes from ancient battles."
"The shelves in the library were lined with leather-bound books, creating an atmosphere of scholarly elegance."
"The pathway through the garden was lined with blooming flowers, filling the air with their fragrance."
"Her coat was lined with soft fleece to keep her warm during the winter months."
"The streets of the city were lined with colorful banners celebrating the annual festival."

typically means to be covered or adorned with something along its surface. It implies that the inside surface of something is adorned or decorated with a particular material or substance.

specialization
"the way different muscles are constructed allows for specialization of function"

BIOLOGY
the adaptation of an organ or part to serve a special function or to suit a particular way of life. -기관, 조직

generally meaing
전문화, 특수화

dorsal

back

ichthyologist

어류학자

notable

deserving of attention; outstanding\유명한

gas bladder

부레

bouyancy

부력
ability to float

variance

차이

vertebrae

척추뼈

vertebrate

척추동물

hypodermic

under the skin/ 피하의

deflate

to let the air out of; to reduce in size or importance

barge

유람선

bemoan

express discontent or sorrow over

dispense

to distribute

decipher

to figure out, decode, interpret

coerce

to compel, force

amass

(v.) to bring together, collect, gather, especially for oneself; to come together, assemble

attribute A to B
A is attributed to B

attribute=ascribe

A(결과)를 B(원인)의 탓/덕으로 여기다

put forth/forward

to suggest an idea for consideration
주장하다

presume
"I presumed that the man had been escorted from the building"

'Assume' means to suppose something based on little or no evidence. It can also mean to take on responsibility. 'Presume' means to suppose something based on strong evidence.

suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability.
추정하다

project
"spending was projected at $72 million"
"I noticed a slip of paper projecting from the book"

1.estimate or forecast (something) on the basis of present trends or data. = forecast/predict/estimate/calculate/gauge/
reckon/expect
2. extend outward beyond something else; protrude.

disposition

a person's inherent qualities of mind and character
기질, 성격

correspond

To be similar to; compare to

invert

turn upside down

postulate

hypothesize; propose

instigate
"they instigated a reign of terror"

(v.) to urge on; to stir up, provoke, start, incite
자극하다

expire

to come to an end

detrimental

harmful; damaging

reverse

turning in the opposite direction

motif

(n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design
무늬/ 주제

figurine

small ornamental statuette(very small statue)

signify

To be a sign of; to mean; to mean

municipal

relating to a city, town, village, or the like with local self-government

rustic

(adj.) country-like; simple, plain; awkward; (n.) one who lives in the country

embellish
"blue silk embellished with golden embroidery"

(v.) to decorate, adorn, touch up; to improve by adding details
make (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.

sediment

small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things
침전물 퇴적물

Permafrost

Ground that is permanently frozen 영구동토층

net heat

the difference between the amount of heat added to a system from a high temperature and the amount of heat removed or lost from a system to a lower temperature

radiate

give off energy
send out rays