HSCI 333 Immunology Purdue Quiz 1

immune system

collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate responses

immune response

the answer of the cells and molecules to pathogens and other substances

prevent or eradicate infections

The most important physiologic function of the immune system is to

microbial and non-microbial substances

The immune system can respond too.....

Immunology

the branch of biomedical science concerned with immunity and the associated cellular and humoral reactions of the host when a foreign substance is introduced

antigens (not all antigens are immugens)

Invading substances are collectively referred to

- defend against infections

- defend against tumors

- control of tissue regeneration and scarring (control senescence and clear out dead cells)

- immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation

- recognizes and responds to tissue grafts

5 roles of the immune system

Telomere length

Age cellularly vs numerically, what is an example that shows that

immune deficiency

too little immune defense

self war

too much immune defense

tissue remodeling

too long of an immune defense

hypersensitivity

too vigilant of an immune defense

graft rejection

too effective of an immune defense (too picky)

self

whats apart of your actual body

altered self

what acts like it is apart of your body (ex: cancer)

non self

what is not apart of your body clearly

anatomical barriers, innate immune response, adaptive immune response

3 lines of defense

anatomical barriers response

The first line of defense that deals with physical, chemical/environment, biologic (ex: skin, mucous, pH, secretions)

innate immune response

The second line of defense that is non-specific and you are born with in. Rapid, quick, easy. Recognition by PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) (ex: block body against microbes)

adaptive immune response

The third and final line of defense, specific and is acquired over time with long term memory. Tailored recognition by SGRs (somatically generated receptors)

desquamation

sluffing of tissue, keeps integrity for defense mechanism underneath

mucocilliary elevator

Cilia that beat rhythmically forcing mucus up and out for expulsion. Helps defend against respiratory tract infections.

The first line of defense= paralyzes the cilia so mucous can not be passed up the elevator anymore. When smoker wake up, they havent smoked all night and therefore cilia are not paralyzed and that causes smoker's cough

What happens with smoking vs the immune system?

flushing and secretion actions

Old age can lead to more UTI's since this wanes with age

static gut

stuff sits and festers in the gut because it is a warm place to be

microcidal molecules

substances body imploys, protects entry portals apart of anatomical barriers defense

defensins

Peptides bind to surface cells (such as bacteria cells) and disrupt by holes or pores and leeching out nutrients, causes chemoattractant to our immune cells to act on it and clear that area

granulocytic leukocytes and epithelial tissues

What are defensins produced by?

collectins

opsonions, A soluble PRR made by yourself. It looks for stuff to bind that shouldn't be there and opsonizes the organism to get rid of it and tags it. (ex: lung surfactants)

Type 2 cells also placenta and kidney

What are collectins produced by?

lysozyme

These weaken and destroy an organism

beta glucans, flagellin, and poly A

What are three other microcidal molecules?

commensal microbes

probiotics, flora and fauna of the gut. Help fight the bad guys and take them. Under the biological umbrella. They provide a physical barrier and nutritional immunity and hoard resources to make it so the bad guys do not get them, they starve the bad guys. Help to digest fibers from plants.

10 to 1

The number of bacterial cells you harbor exceeds the count of your own body's cells _____ to _______.

Because the first line of defense covers most of the cells. Lines 2 and 3 are more cellular and molecular intervention and takes a lot of energy

Why do you have no problems when you have 10:1 bacteria cells in your body?

Candida albicans

What microbiome is bad for HIV and causes a white carpet tongue (yeast infection)

cellular

Cells that you employ to help defend against self or altered self. Involved in recognition and clearance of foreign entities (ex: leukocytes, phagocytes, natural killers, lymphocytes)

humoral

Found in humors of the body or body fluids antibodies and complement. Immune macromolecules found in extracellular fluids of the host (secreted antibodies, complement, cytokines, antimicrobial proteins)

Phagocytes such as

- natural killers

- mast cells

- dendritic cells (they are APCs) (dendritic cells express PRRs)

Cellular components in innate immunity

- Complement

- Select cytokines

- Lysozyme

- Select PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)

- acute phase proteins (under c-reactive proteins) cancer patients with high c-reactive is not good shows immune response made by the liver

Humoral components in innate immunity

T and B lymphocytes (plasma cells)

Dendritic cells

Cellular components for adaptive immunity

Antibodies (complement)

Cytokines

Humoral components of the adaptive immunity?

cytokines

These are always in the 2nd and 3rd lines of communication between cells. Autocrine (itself) or paracrine (neighbors) or the whole system

immunization

Given antibodies it is apart of passive adaptive immunity it is not as good and doesn't last as long (EX: breast milk colostrum)

vaccine

Apart of active adaptive immunity, helps defend yourself. Gives you things to help your body build things to defend

lactoferin

moves iron

transferin

stores iron

inflammation

First response always in an immune defense

fever (high temp fever is for a virus) Interferon response

Second step in immune defense

acute and chronic

What are the two types of inflammation?

acute inflammation

Absess formation and resolves very fast

chronic inflammation

tissue remodeling and granuloma tissue. Goes for a long time.

pain

response to changes at a vascular level and flood the area really tight and causes this, its a chemical product (prostaglandin, histamine, bradychinins)

redness

change in circulation in the area, flow of blood to the area, warm and profusion

vascular and cellular

2 phases of acute inflammation?

occurs 1st small vessels have change to walls and dilation to promote movement of blood to area

What occurs during vascular inflammation?

cells and fact of leaving the vessels to do work (neutrophils)

What occurs during cellular inflammation?

prostaglandins E2

What is responsible for pain in the area of injury?

They vasodilate to stop a traffic jam from occuring because a lot of blood flow is coming to the area, so we need it to be opened. It actually vasoconstricts first to keep from bleeding out, then vasodilate.

Why does the vessels vasodilate?????