APUSH Period 4 Documents

Answer with Definition

John C. Calhoun’s view on slavery

Slavery not an evil but instead is essential to maintaining order. He claims this is the reason why slave states are more stable and quiet than the North

George Fitzhugh’s view on slavery

Slaves life better lives when in slavery than they would if they were free. He believes slaves to have a moral superiority over free laborers because freemen do not own houses or have jobs

Theodore D. Weld’s view on slavery

Slaves are subjected to horrid conditions and terrible acts happen to them in all slave states frequently

James G. Birney’s view on slavery

Slavery is a sin and no one has any right to enact it just as they cannot commit other sins

Declaration of the American Anti-Slavery Society’s statement on slavery

A promise to do all that they can to overthrow slavery and ensure that African Americans had the rights they were entitled to as Americans, offering to die as martyrs in a holy battle

Henry David Thoreau’s view on slavery

Anyone associated with the government is disgraced and should be ignored along with their laws. He believes the government should never make him be “an agent of injustice” to another

William Lloyd Garrison’s view on slavery

He will use his writing to convince people that emancipation is better by publishing a harsh truth without moderation

David Walker’s view on slavery

God will strike down America if the institution of slavery is not abolished but he worries that the slave owners have already made up their minds and Earth is doomed

What factor do most people use to justify abolition or slavery?

Religion

How did free men in the North act as abolitionist movements developed?

They joined abolitionist newspapers, conventions, the Underground Railroad, fugitive aid committees, and became church spokesmen, encouraging slaves to run away

Reverend Henry Highland Garnet in the “Call to Rebellion” Address

Freedom cannot come without blood, but slaves should imploy a sense of justice, the sinful nature of slavery, or threaten suicide to gain freedom rather than live to be a slave

Willis Hodges in the “Slaves of the South, Now Is Your Time!” article

A editorial calling out the hypocracy of America’s support of the oppressed minority (Hungarians) revolting against the Austrian Empire. He claims that slaves have been encouraged now to strike but does not condone murder of slaverowners. He instead suggest refusal to labor and rebellion

“Letter to the American Slaves” - maybe Frederick Douglass

Describes the viewpoint of a runaway and how many are free but too poor to be of much assistance. Some will provide weapons, some will not, but he encourages stealing from your master before you run

“Debate, State Convention of Massachusetts Negroes”

Charles Remond wanted southern slaves to rise up with weapons. He knew he was not widely supported, but couldn’t stand the thought of so many people as slave. The others (Josiah Henson, Mr. Troy, and Henry Johnson) did not belive that this proposal would help and it was easy to talk and less easy to accomplish

Who was the author of all of those confusing poems?

Emily Dickinson

Henry David Thoreau in “Civil Disobedience”

Believed that governments are inconvenient and easy to abuse, preferring uninvolved governments when men are prepared for it. The authority of the government is impure and needs the concent of the governed, allowing the individual to be the higher power in government. He also establishes a need to revolt and when “oppression and robbery are organized” the people should abolish the system

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review. You should know the story (Jefferson tosses Adams’ SCOTUS letters)

McCulloch v. Maryland

Establishes the necessary and proper clause and upheld Congress’ power to creat a national bank

Gibbons v. Ogden

Federal law is the supreme law of the land and the federal government controls interstate trade (battle between the steamboat people with state vs. federall license)

Charles River Bridge Case

The government’s job is to protect the rights of property for the good of the community and to promote happiness (Charles River Bridge didn’t want the competition of another bridge but was ruled against)

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Slaves are not considered to be U.S. citizens and are protected property of their masters in the Constitution

What were the 2 parts of the Monroe Doctrine?

1) The Western Hemisphere was now closed for colonization 2) The United States would protect the soverignty of the smaller nations across these continents

Who mostly enforced the Monroe Doctrine?

The British Royal Navy

American perspective of the beginning of the Seminole War

When Andrew Jackson invaded Florida

First American invasion of Seminole Florida

Georgian militia groups in 1812, kept secret under a congressional resolution, causing the “Patriot War” of Florida that lasted until 1814

First official miliatry action in Florida

An assult on the Free African fort - a thriving community surrounded by farms and a beacon for escaped slaves

Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest in 1828?

Vice President John C. Calhoun — Anonmously

What did the South Carolina Nullification Ordinance say?

If the Tariff of Abominations was not removed, SC would nullify the tariffs, build an army, and then secede from the union using the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law

How did Jackson and Congress respond to the Nullification Ordinance?

He issued a proclamation to dispute the state’s right to nullify a federal law and then Congress passed the Force Act to authorize military force against states resisting the tariffs

How was the Nullification Ordinance resolved?

Henry Clay and John Calhoun created the Compromise Tariff of 1833, which would slowly lower tariffs over the next decade. This was accepted by SC and ended the Nullification Crisis

Who were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott?

Two American activists for abolition who later called the first conference to address women’s rights in Seneca Falls, NY.

The Declaration of Sentiments

A document stating “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men AND WOMEN are created equal” and listing the the facts of female oppression, including voting rights, marriage views, property rights, and denied opportunities

What is the Second Great Awakening?

A belief change for American Protestant Christians with a wave of enthusiastic religious revivals that led to social reform movements (abolition and temperance especially)

Who was Charles Finney?

A preacher who modified the prior Calvinist doctrine who thought people could exercise free will and should choose to reject sin

What were “camp meetings”?

Revival meetings on the frontier, a key feature of the Second Great Awakening

Who was most often in attendence at revivals?

African Americans and young women