membrane structure

energy transformation, organizing chemical reactions, talking to the environment around it, transportation, endo and exocytosis, osmosis, metastasis

cell membranes are important for...

nonpolar region of phospholipid molecules

what is A

polar region of phospholipid molecules

what is B

membrane channel

what is C

carbohydrate chains

what is D

receptor molecule

what is E

external membrane surface

what is F

phospholipid bilayer

what is G

internal membrane surface

what is H

cholesterol

what is I

cytoskeleton

what is J

no

do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

longer hydrocarbon FAT and cholesterol

what makes the plasma membrane more rigid?

gives support and anchors proteins so that they don't move

what does the cytoskeleton do for the plasma membrane?

plasma membrane

encloses the cell, defines its boundaries, and maintains the essential differences between the cytosol and extracellular environment

dynamic structure

what does it mean when something is not static, move about in the plane of the membrane

amphiphilic

is the lipid bilayer hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphiphilic?

amphiphilic

has hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

glycerol head

which part of the lipid bilayer is hydrophilic

fatty acid tail

which part of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic?

sealed like a ball

is the bilayer energetically favorable when it is sealed by being triggered by water or when it is flat?

fluidity

the ease of which lipid molecules move within the plane of the bilayer

flexion

lipid tails moving side to side

rotation

lipid tail rotates

length of hydrocarbon tail and number of double bonds

what does fluidity depend on when in relation to the phospholipid composition?

unsaturated

what is it when the hydrocarbon tail contains at least one double bond?

saturated

what is it when the hydrocarbon tail does not contain any double bonds?

unsaturated

is vegetable oil saturated or unsaturated?

saturated

is margarine saturated or unsaturated?

cholesterol

what is found in animal cells where the fluidity is modulated by its inclusion which is insoluble. It also fills the spaces between neighboring phospholipids by the kinks

scamblase

what removes selected phospholipids from one half of the lipid bilayer and insert them in the other? This can result the new phospholipids to be redistributed equally in the membrane

flippase

what is housed in the golgi, removes more specific phospholipids from the noncytosolic monolayer and flips them to the cytosolic side which allows the outer membrane to be larger?

peripheral membrane protein

types of protein that are temporarily associated with the plasma membrane; can stick to a small portion of the lipid bilayer or to an integral protein

integral membrane protein

permanently embedded in the plasma membrane' can form transmembrane proteins or monotopic protein which attach to only one side

transmembrane proteins

what protein crosses through the lipid bilayer all the time that can have covalent attachment of a fatty acid chain that inserts into the cytosolic monolayer of bilayer

GPI anchor

what allows proteins to be on non-cytosolic side?

detergent

what is a small amphipathic lipid molecule that can disrupt the lipid bilayer and separates proteins from phospholipids

carbohydrate layer

what is I

lipid bilayer

what is II

glycolipid

what is III

transmembrane glycoprotein

what is IV

adsorbed glycoprotein

what is V

transmembrane proteoglycan

what is VI

glycoprotein

what type of protein is made when there are short oligosaccharides side chains attached?

proteoglycan (heavily glycosylated)

what type of protein is made when there are long polysaccharide side chains attached?

glycocalyx

what do the glycoprotein and proteoglycan make up together?

adsorption

what is it when a slimy surface is made to allow movement?

lectin

a type of receptor protein that binds to carbohydrates on cell and allow for interactions (cell recognition)

fluorescence recovery after photobleaching

what is FRAP?

fluorescent antibody or GFP (green fluorescent protein)

what two things can be used to label a protein that interacts with the membrane?

not able to see any fluorescence and the bleach is irreversible

what happens when there is excess radiation with intense light on a small patch of membrane?