Music EST Question 1 palmcards

Simple meters

2/4 ¾ 4/4

2/4

2 crotchet beats in a bar, simple duple time

3/4

3 crotchets beats in a bar, simple triple time

4/4

4 crotchet beats in a bar, simple quadruple time

Common time

4/4

semibreve

4 beats, whole

Dotted minim

3 beats

Minim

2 beats, half

Dotted crotchet

1.5 beats

Crotchet

1 beat

Quaver

½ beat

semi-quaver

¼ beat

Semibreve rest (whole rest)

4 beats, square below the line

Minim rest (half rest)

2 beats, square above line

Crochet rest (quater rest)

1 beat, funky z

Quaver rest (eighth rest)

½ beat, little y

Semiquaver rest (sixteenth rest)

¼ beat, little f

Anacrusis

A note or group of notes that occur before the first downbeat of a piece

C Major (Relative minor)

A Minor (Relative major)

G Major (Relative Minor)

E Minor (Relative Major)

D Major (Relative Minor)

B Minor (Relative Major)

F Major (Relative Minor)

D Minor (Relative Major)

Bb Major (Relative Minor)

G Minor (Relative Major)

Major Pentatonic Degrees

1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Minor Pentatonic Degrees

1, flat 3, 4, 5, flat 7

Natural minor

tone, semi-tone, tone, tone, semi-tone, tone, tone

Harmonic minor

Natural minor with a raised 7th

Perfect intervals

1, 4, 5, 8

C Major D7

G7 GBDF

G Major D7

D7 DF#AC

D Major D7

A7 AC#EG

F Major D7

C7 CEGBb

Bb Major D7

F7 FACEb

Pianissimo

very soft

Pianissimo abbreviation

pp

Piano

soft

Piano abbreviation

p

Mezzo-piano

moderately soft

Mezzo-piano abbreviation

mp

Mezzo-forte

Moderately loud

Mezzo-forte abbreviation

mf

Forte

Loud

Forte abbreviation

f

Fortissimo

very loud

Fortissimo abbreviation

ff

Decrescendo definition

Gradually getting softer

Decrescendo abbreviation

decresc.

Diminuendo definition

Decrease in loudness of music  

Diminuendo abbreviation

dim.

Crescendo definition

Gradually getting louder

Crescendo abbreviation

Cresc.

Unison

Everyone plays the same melody at the same pitch (can be different octaves)

Homophony

One main melody while supported with chords or accompaniment

Canon

Same melody repeated by different voices/instruments at different times, creating overlapping layers.

Polyphonic

Two or more independent melodies played at the same time.

multi-voice

Similar to polyphony, usually refers to multiple voices harmonizing or singing different lines.

Binary form

AB

Ternary form

ABA

Popular song form

AABA

Rondo form

ABACA

Pedal point definition

A sustained or repeated note (usually in the bass) while the harmonies above it change

Pedal point purpose

Creates tension and stability because the note holds while the chords shift

Sequence definition

A melodic or harmonic pattern repeated at a higher or lower pitch.

Sequence purpose

Creates a sense of movement and development in a piece.

Slur definition

Play smoothly connecting from note to note in a legato style

Staccato definition

Release quick, creating a short, crisp sound

Accent definition

Play with extra strength, making the note stand out