4.6A Social Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality: Trait Theories + 4.6B Social Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality: Social Cognitive Theories

16 Personality Factors

warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, open to change, self-reliance, perfection, and tension

(you don’t have to remember all of these I bet, just be aware what of some of them maybe)

Factor Analysis

a technique that groups similar things together to find patterns in data. It helps simplify complex information by showing which items are related.

Big 5 Traits

Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN/CANOE METHOD TO REMEMBER!)

(4.6B begins here) Social Cognitive Theory

a psychological theory that explains how people learn behaviors through social interactions

Self-Efficacy

the belief in your own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks. It's about having confidence in your skills to handle challenges.

external locus of control

the belief that events and outcomes in life are primarily determined by external forces, fate, luck, or other people, rather than by one's own actions and efforts. 

Internal Locus of Control

believing that you have control over your own life and outcomes, attributing successes and failures to your own actions and abilities, rather than external forces like luck or fate. 

collectivist culture

depends on group harmony and consensus.

individualistic culture

depends upon the values of freedom and independence

Projective Tests

a personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images or given situations and asked to interpret them

Rorschach Inkblot

projective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what he or she sees in 10 inkblots, of which some are black or gray and others have patches of colour

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

a type of projective test (a personality test) that involves describing ambiguous scenes to learn more about a person's emotions, motivations, and personality

objective tests

assessments with clear, correct answers, like multiple-choice or true/false questions. They are scored in a consistent way, with no room for personal interpretation.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

a psychological test used to assess personality traits and diagnose mental health conditions. It consists of a series of statements that the person responds to, helping professionals understand their behaviors, emotions, and thoughts.

The statements tend to be to true or false questions, such as the following
“I enjoy being around people” or “I get nervous in social situations”