The cell #8 (pt 3: cell components)

Cell wall

• Def: Rigid structure made of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds the plasma membrane

Rigid structure made of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds the plasma membrane

Definition of cell walls:

cellulose

name for plant cell walls:

chitin

name for fungi cell walls:

peptidoglycan

name for bacteria cell walls:

Organelles

• Def: Membrane-enclosed regions of a cell that perform specific functions in eukaryotic cells

• 4 main categories:

  • Cytoplasm

  • Cystoskeleton

  • Endosymbionts

  • Endomembrane system

cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, endosymbionts, endomembrane system

list the 4 main types of organelles:

Membrane-enclosed regions of a cell that perform specific functions in eukaryotic cells

Definition of organelles:

Cytoplasm

• Def: area within the plasma membrane that contains the cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and other endomembrane organelles (BUT not the nucleus)

the area within the plasma membrane that contains the cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and other endomembrane organelles (BUT not the nucleus)

Definition of cytoplasm:

Cytosol

• Def: the liquid found inside cells

the liquid found inside cells

Definition of Cytosol:

Cytoskeleton

• Def: complex internal structures of proteins and fibers that connect the organelles within a eukaryotic cell and facilitate movement within the cell

complex internal structures of proteins and fibers that connect the organelles within a eukaryotic cell and facilitate movement within the cell

Cytoskeleton definition:

Microtubules

• Def: hollow rods that shape and support the cell, organelles move along them, and they separate chromosomes during mitosis

hollow rods that shape and support the cell, organelles move along them, and they separate chromosomes during mitosis

Microtubules definition:

Centrosome

• Def: move organelles and pull the cell apart during cell division

• always 2 of them

• look like churros

move organelles and pull the cell apart during cell division (look like 2 churros)

Centrosome definition:

Endosymbionts

• Def: organelles that have their own DNA contained within each one, their own ribosomes, and reproduce themselves within cytoplasm

• believed to have been free-living bacteria in the past and evolved to form a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells

organelles that have their own DNA contained within each one, their own ribosomes, and reproduce themselves within cytoplasm

Endosymbionts definition:

Mitochondrion

• Def: the powerhouse of the cell - convert glucose and oxygen into ATP

• endosymbiont

the powerhouse of the cell - converts glucose and oxygen into ATP

Mitochondrion definition:

Chloroplast

• Def: captures energy from the sun and uses this energy to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose and O2

• photosynthesis reaction occurs along the plasma membrane within it

captures energy from the sun and uses this energy to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose and O2

Chloroplast definition:

Nucleus

• Def: the central plasma membrane-encolsed organelle of the cell

• Function: houses, maintains, protects, and transcribes DNA

houses, maintains, protects, and transcribes DNA

Nucleus function: