Quiz 7

catalase purpose

to determine if bacteria are capable of producing the enzyme catalase

MAN, INO, SOR

catalase test in API 20 E

aerobic respiration

glycolysis, kreb cycle, electron transport chain

water and hydrogen peroxide

what can be produced in the electron transport chain

oxygen

aerobic electron transport chain final electron acceptor

flavoprotein

type of carrier protein involved in electron transport chain

endoenzyme

catalase enzyme

hydrogen peroxide

toxic to cell

nitrate reduction test purpose

determine if bacteria reduce nitrate via anaerobic respiration

glucose tube (GLU)

nitrate reduction in API 20 E

nitrate or sulfate

anaerobic electron transport chain final electron acceptor

reduction

gaining electrons

1. nitrate, nitrite, ammonium 2. nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen gas

nitrate reduction pathway

nitrate to nitrite

single step nitrate reduction

nitrate reductase

endoenzyme, turns nitrate to nitrite

Dentrification (full nitrate reduction)

nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen gas

nitrite reductase

endoenzyme, nitrite to nitric oxide

nitrate reduction test: reagent A

sulfanilic acid

nitrate reduction test: reagent B

alpha-naphthylamine

red

nitrate reduction test positive result color

zinc

reducing agent in nitrate reduction

no color change

nitrate reduction test positive result after adding zinc

API 20 E purpose

for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative rods

oil added

API 20 E underlined tubes

fill cupule

API 20 E bracketed tubes

ONPG, ADH, LDC, ODC, CIT, H2S, URE, TDA, IND, VP, GEL, GLU, MAN, INO, SOR, RHA, SAC, MEL, AMY, ARA

API 20 E 20 tests

ONPG, ADH, LDC, ODC, CIT, H2S, URE, TDA, IND, VP, GEL

API 20 E substrate varies tests

GLU, MAN, INO, SOR, RHA, SAC, MEL, AMY, ARA

API 20 E sugar substrate tests

exoenzymes

transported extracellularly, where they break down large food molecules or harmful chemicals

endoenzymes

retained intracellularly and function there

ONPG purpose

determine if bacteria can hydrolyze o0nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside

beta-galactosidase

bacteria use to hydrolyze ONPG

endoenzyme

beta-galactosidase enzyme

permease

what does ONPG not need to be transported inside the cell

o-Nitrophenol

ONPG end product

yellow

ONPG positive result color

yellow

phenol red acidic color

red/pink

phenol red basic color

yellow

bromthymol blue acidic color

blue

bromthymol blue basic color

amino acid structure

amino group, r side group, carboxyl group

amino group

amino acid basic group

carboxyl group

amino acid acidic group

arginine dehydrolase (ADH)

determine whether bacteria express arginine dehydrolase

phenol red

arginine dehydrolase (ADH) pH indicator

endoenzyme

arginine dehydrolase enzyme

ornithine and NH3

arginine dehydrolase (ADH) end products

pink/red

arginine dehydrolase (ADH) positive result color

lysine decarboxylase (LDC)

determine whether bacteria can decarboxylate lysine

decarboxylate

removal of carboxyl group

lysine decarboxylase (LDC) recipe

glucose, lysine, phenol red, pyridoxyl phosphate

lysine decarboxylase (LDC): glucose

anaerobic fermentation produces acids, bacteria ferments glucose and produces acids that will activate the cofactor

lysine decarboxylase (LDC): pyridoxyl phosphate

cofactor, activates lysine decarboxylase

endoenzyme

lysine decarboxylase enzyme

cadaverine, basic products

lysine decarboxylase (LDC) end product

pyridoxyl phosphate

lysine decarboxylase (LDC) cofactor

pink/red

lysine decarboxylase (LDC) positive result color

ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)

determine whether bacteria can decarboxylase ornithine

orithine decarboxylase (ODC) recipe

glucose, ornithine, phenol red, pyridoxyl phosphate

endoenzyme

ornithine decarboxylase enzyme

pink/red

ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) positive color result

citrate (CIT)

determine whether bacteria can utilize citrate as a sole carbon source

citrate permease

imports citrate into the cell

endoenzyme

citrase enzyme

citrase

citrate (CIT) enzyme

alkaline end products

citrate (CIT) end products

bromthymol blue

citrate (CIT) pH indicator

blue

citrate (CIT) positive result color

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

determine whether bacteria can produce hydrogen sulfide, anaerobic respiration in electron transport chain

sodium thiosulfate

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) substrate

thiosulfate reductase

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) enzyme

endoenzyme

thiosulfate reductase enzyme

ferrous ammonium sulfate

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) media

black

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) positive result color

urease (URE)

determine if bacteria can hydrolyze urea

phenol red

urease (URE) pH indicator

exoenzyme

urease enzyme

urease

urease (URE) enzyme

urea

urease (URE) substrate

ammonia and carbon dioxide

urease (URE) end products

Helicobacter pylori

can release urea which turns into ammonia that can disrupt the stomach walls

oil

anaerobic add on to urease (URE)

pink/red

urease (URE) positive result color

tryptophan deaminase (TDA)

determine if bacteria can deaminate tryptophan

deamination

removal of an amino group

endoenzyme

tryptophan deaminase enzyme

indole-pyruvic acid and ammonia

tryptophan deaminase (TDA) end products

ferric chloride

creates red/brown color when indole-pyruvic acid is present

red/brown

tryptophan deaminase (TDA) positive result color

indole (IND)

determine if bacteria can produce indole from tryptophan

endoenzyme

tryptophanase enzyme

kovacs reagent

indole (IND) reagent

pink

indole (IND) positive result color

Voges-Proskauer (VP)

to determine if bacteria produce acetone from sodium pyruvate during 2/3-butanediol fermentation

sodium pyruvate

Voges-Proskauer (VP) substrate

acetoin

Voges-Proskauer (VP) neutral product

alpha-naphthol

VPa

potassium hydroxide (KOH)

VPb

oxygen

Voges-Proskauer (VP) requires

acetoin

Voges-Proskauer (VP) end product