Land Ecology

Genetic Diversity

Variations within species
EX: Seed lab

Species Diversity

Variation of types of species within an organism
EX: different plant and animal species at Thompson park

Ecosystem Diversity

Various habitats within an ecosystem and/or different ecosystems around the world
Ex all of the different ecosystems in the US

Species Richness

the number of different species in a community

Ecosystem service

The processes and outputs that nature provides for us

Why is biodiversity important?

_Variation in species can aid in ecosystem stability, especially if there are disruptions to the system. More variation can lead to a better chance of adaptation success
- The higher the biodiversity, typically the higher the ecosystems services in an area.

4 different types of ecosystem services

1. Provisioning
2. Supporting
3. Cultural
4. Regulating

competitive exclusion principle

states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist.

resource partitioning

process allowing two species to partition certain resources so that one species does not outcompete the other as dictated by the competitive exclusion principle

resource partitioning example

Warblers moving to different parts of the tree

Fundamental niche

This is the full range of environmental conditions where the organism could live....

Realized Niche

This is where we actually find the organisms living .....

Intraspecific competition

Broadens niche

Interspecific competition

narrows niche

non-native species

Species that migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans.

native species example

koala

invasive species examples

asian carp

tragedy of the commons example

Global scale when fish stocks were depleted due to overfishing, marine pollution and loss of sustainability.

longlining

• putting out lines up to 80 miles long, hung with thousands of baited hooks, to catch open-ocean fish species
• swordfish, tuna, sharks, halibut, cod
• also bycatch (hook and kill accidentally) endangered sea turtles, dolphins, and seabirds

Trawling

type of fishing done with net dragged across bottom the of the sea

Purse Seining

a large net in the shape of a purse that encloses a school of fish and closes at the bottom

Dredging fishing

fishing method in which a dredge is dragged across the sea floor, either scraping or penetrating the bottom.