Cellular Respiration pt 2

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These flashcards cover key concepts and details on cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

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27 Terms

1
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What is the main process that occurs in cells when oxygen is present and glucose is available?

Cellular respiration.

2
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What alternative process do cells use to produce ATP when oxygen is not available?

Fermentation.

3
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What is the first step of cellular respiration called?

Glycolysis.

4
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What molecule is produced as a byproduct of pyruvate oxidation?

Carbon dioxide.

5
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What is the energy currency of the cell that is synthesized during cellular respiration?

ATP.

6
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In cellular respiration, glucose undergoes oxidation. What does this mean?

Loss of electrons from glucose.

7
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What is a key byproduct of the citric acid cycle?

Carbon dioxide.

8
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What high-energy electron carriers are produced during the citric acid cycle?

NADH and FADH2.

9
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What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?

It is reduced to NADH.

10
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What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

The process of forming ATP by transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate.

11
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How much total ATP is produced from one glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Net gain of 2 ATP.

12
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What are the two main phases of glycolysis?

Investment phase and payoff phase.

13
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What molecules enter the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA.

14
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What does Acetyl CoA combine with to start the citric acid cycle?

Oxaloacetate.

15
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What type of reaction does cellular respiration represent?

Redox reaction.

16
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What is the reduced form of NAD+ called?

NADH.

17
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During the oxidation of one molecule of glucose, how much energy is released?

Approximately 686 kilocalories per mole.

18
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Where does most of the energy extraction take place in cellular respiration?

In the mitochondria.

19
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What is the role of coenzyme A in cellular respiration?

To attach to the two carbon fragment, forming Acetyl CoA.

20
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What is produced during oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP.

21
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How is ATP generated during the citric acid cycle?

By substrate-level phosphorylation.

22
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In what cellular structure does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae).

23
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How many carbon atoms are released during the pyruvate processing stage for each glucose molecule?

Two carbon atoms.

24
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What is the significance of the high-energy phosphate groups in ATP?

They carry energy for cellular processes.

25
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What does the term 'investment phase' refer to in glycolysis?

The phase where ATP is consumed to initiate glycolysis.

26
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What is the importance of the cristae in mitochondria?

They increase the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.

27
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Which step of cellular respiration involves the highest amount of ATP production?

Oxidative phosphorylation.