3.3 carbohydrates

what elements does carbohydrates contain?

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

What does carbohydrate mean?

‘hydrated carbon’ (carbon and water)

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

Cx(H20)y

what are carbohydrates also known as?

saccharides or sugars

what is a single sugar unit called?

monosaccharide

what are examples of monosaccharides?

glucose, fructose and ribose

what is it called when two monosaccharides link together?

disaccharide

what are examples of disaccharides?

Lactose and sucrose

What is it called when two or more monosaccharides are linked together?

polysaccharides

what are examples of polysaccharides?

Glycogen, cellulose and starch

What is glucose?

basic building blocks, or monomers of some biologically important large carbohydrates

what is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6H12O6

How many carbons does glucose have?

6

what type of unit is glucose?

monosaccharide

what is the 6 carbon glucose called?

hexose monosaccharide

how are carbons numbered?

numbered clockwise

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose?

In alpha OH group on carbon 1 is at the bottom where as on Beta glucose the OH group is at the top

Are glucose molecules polar?

yes

Are glucose molecules soluble in water?

yes

Why is glucose soluble in water?

Due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the OH (hydroxyl) group and water molecules

why is solubility in water important with glucose?

it means glucose is dissolved in the cytosol of the cell (fluid present in the cell and is a part of the cytoplasm)