CRM2302- Introduction to theories

Theory

A set of interconnected statements or propositions explaining how two or more events or factors are related.

Purpose of Criminological Theory

To provide tentative explanations for why crimes are committed

Theories vs. Beliefs

Theories are based on actual events and what "is

Theories of Law and Criminal Justice

Theories used to explain the making and enforcing of criminal law

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Goal of Law (in Theory of CJ)

To maximize individual liberty and achieve deterrence.

Theories of Criminal and Deviant Behaviour

Explanations focused on the actions of individuals or groups

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Macro Theories

Theories that cover major groups

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Micro Theories

Theories that focus on small groups or individuals to explain why some people are more likely to commit crimes than others.

Logical Consistency

An evaluation criterion requiring that a theory has clearly defined concepts and a concise central idea that makes sense.

Scope

The overall area or range of behaviors to which a theory can be applied; a "good" theory accounts for a wide range of behavior.

Parsimony

The principle that a theory should explain the widest range of phenomena using a few simple propositions rather than complex ones.

Testability

The requirement that a theory must be testable against empirical findings to have scientific value.

Empirical Validity

The most important criterion; it requires that a theory is supported by scientific evidence.

Tautological Statement

A circular reasoning error where the definition is the same as the explanation (e.g.