Bio (H) Ch 34 Study

5 hierarchy of organization found in ecology in order

organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

population

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area

community

assemblage of all populations living close together.

ecosystem

both abiotic and biotic factors in an environment

biosphere

all of earth that is full of life

biotic factors + examples

something that is living, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, protista

abiotic factors + examples

something that is nonliving, rocks, water, wind, fire, sun, energy

4 abiotic factors that influence life on biosphere

energy sources, temperature, abundance of water, inorganic nutrients

how are there seasons of the year

seasons result from the constant tilt of the earth as it orbits the sun

3 earth zones

tropics, temperate, polar

where is tropics zone, how much sunlight, and wind?

region surrounding equator, sunlight is directly shone towards topics, has alot of winds + rains because of uneven heating on earth

where is temperate zones, what temperatures, and wind?

region between polar and tropics, has all 4 seasons and moderate temperatures, and has westerlies

where is polar zones, how much sunlight?

near north + south polar, sun barely strikes light, so barely any sunlight

what factors can create different biomes?

rising and cooling of air, and rotation of earth can cause prevailing winds and ocean currents

prevailing winds

major global air movements

ocean currents

river-like flow patterns at oceans surface

what factors can create terrrestrial biomes

variations in climate like temperature and precipitation

what factor can create aquatic biomes

salinity in water

what 2 factors can affect rainfall/precipitation

prevailing winds, and locations of mountains.

what are the 9 terrestrial biomes?

tropical rain forests, savannas, desert, chaparral, temperate grasslands, temperate broadleaf forests, confireous/taiga forest, tundra, polar ice

where, temperature, precipitation, 3 plants, animals, and type of soil is TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

near equator, warm temperatures year-round, alot of rain annually, shrubs/bamboo/decidous trees, monkeys/birds/snakes, poor soils

temperature, precipitation, 2 plants, 3 animals, and type of soil is SAVANNAS

warm temperatures year-round, 12-20 inches annual rainfall mainly from one rainy season, grass/decidous trees, mice/snakes/squirrels, poor soils and lack of moisture

temperature, precipitation, 2 plants, 2 animals, and DESERTS can be formed by..?

very hot or very cold, very little precipitation, shrubs/cactus, birds/rodents, can be formed by rain shadows, and plants produce ALOT of seeds

where, temperature, precipitation, 1 major plant, 4 animals, and how is fire caused in CHAPARRAL

near small coastal areas, cool rainy winters/hot dry summers, spiny shrubs with evergreen leaves, deers/lizards/birds/rodents, fire can be caused by lightening

where, 1 plant, 4 animals, and how are the growth of woody plants limited in TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS

found in relatively cold winter temperature areas, grass/treeless, bison/birds/sheeps/wild horses, woody plants are limited because of fires and grazing by large animals

temperature, precipitation, 4 plants, 4 animals, and type of soil, and what does tree species vary on in TEMPERATE BROADLEAF FORESTS

temp varies alot/hot summers/cold winters, high precipitation evenly distributed throughout year, oak/maple/hickory/birch trees, fox/bear/bobcat/mountain lion, rich soil, tree species varies on climate and soil conditions

where, temperature, precipitation, 4 plants, 4 animals, type of soil, and has this type of biome in CONIFEROUS/TAIGA

in high elevations/mountaineous regions, long cold winters/short wet summers, most precipitation is in snow, cone evergreen/spruce/fir/pine trees, moose/horse/bears/wolves, poor soils, has temperate rain forests of coastal north america

where, temperature, precipitation, 3 plants, 4 animals, why there are no trees, and what reason do migratory animals use TUNDRA

between regions of taiga and polar, extremely cold, barely any precipitation, moss/shrubs/lichen, musk/rodents/arctic fox/snowy owl, no trees because permafrost prevents deep growth of roots, and migratory animals use tundra as a summer breeding ground

where, temperature, precipitation, 2 plants, 2 animals, and what biome is close to POLAR ICE

north of tundra or in antarctica, extremely cold year round, barely any precipitation, lichen/moss, mites/wingless insects, and is close to neighboring marine biome

pelagic zone of marine biome

includes all open water

benthic zone of marine biome

the seafloor

aphotic zone in marine biome

no light is avalible

photic zone in marine biome

light is avalible

phytoplankton, can perform this action, and where is it found

microscopic algae and cyanobacteria , can do photosynthesis, found in photic zone

zooplankton and are mainly found where

small animaks floating in aquatic environments, mainly found in photic zone

intertidal zone of marine biome

where ocean meets land and shore is covered by waves

continental shelves in marine biome

extending edge of the continent in the shallow water

neritic zone

shallow ocean water close to beaches that extends until beginning of continental shelf

where are coral reefs usually found?

photic zones above the continental shelves

estuary, and are the most _____ biomes on earth because…?

fresh water (rivers, streams) meets an ocean, most productive biomes because it has many rich nutrients

wetlands, are the most _____ biome, 3 examples

transitions between aquatic and terrestiral ecosystems, and have alot of diversity of life, swamps/marshes/bogs, and are the MOST RICHEST OF ALL BIOMES IN DIVERSITY

are there many organisms in the aphotic zone?

no, because there is a great scarcity of food as there is no light for photosynthesis

swamps (example of wetland)

between terresstiral and aquatic biomes, and have TREES

marshes (examples of wetland)

between terrestrial and aquatic biome, and has GRASS

bog (examples of wetland)

between terrestrial and aquatic biome, POND THAT IS FILLED WITH DEBRIS

2 types of freshwater biomes

standing water biomes (lakes and ponds), flowing water biomes (rivers, streams)

what is the difference of lakes and ponds in freshwater biomes

lakes are BIGGER than ponds

what is the difference of rivers and streams in freshwater biomes

rivers are BIGGER than streams

biome

types of ecological associations that occupy geographic regions of land or water

ecology

study of interactions of organisms with their environments

habitat

includes abiotic and biotic factors present in an organism’s surroundings

westerlies and what earth zone is it found

slow-moving wind surface, forcing winds to blow from west to east, found in temperate zone

rain shadow effect

little precipitation and dry air absorbs moisture, causing deserts to form

desertification

conversion of semi-dry regions to desert regions

permafrost, found in which biome?

frozen soil found in tundra

transpiration

process where plants absorb water, and release water vapors to atmosphere (basically like precipitation and evaporation)