1.2 water

bonds between the hydrogen atom and oxygen atom in water molecules

covalent bonds

draw a water molecule

is water a polar or non polar molecule

polar

bonds that form between water molecules

hydrogen bonds

molecules with an unevenly distributed electrical charge

polar molecules

what gives water its fluidity

hydrogen bonds constantly forming and reforming between water molecules

why is water known as a universal solvent for polar molecules

because of its polarity

why do most inorganic ions dissolve well in water

because the positive or negative charges of the ions are attracted to the charge of water molecules

water and salt which is solvent and solute

water - solvent, salt - solute

positive and negative charges of water molecules attract ions with opposite charges so

ions position themselves between water molecules and dissolve

what is soluble in water

polar organic molecules

why is water the medium in which most biochemical reactions take place

because almost all substances involved dissolve well in water

what are the 2 groups when talking about solubility in water

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

what does hydrophilic mean

water loving, dissolvable

what does hydrophobic mean

after hating, undissolvable

why are non polar substances not soluble in water

because water molecules would rather remain hydrogen-bonded to each other

substances formed in or are needed for metabolism

metabolites

molecules that have both polar and non polar regions

amphipathic molecules

properties of a complex system that arise from simple interactions of individual component parts

emergent properties

what do the polar properties of molecules give water

• cohesion of its molecules to one another

• adhesion of its molecules to other molecules

• high specific heat capacit

• surface tension

what allows water to form droplets and gives it surface tension

cohesive forces

hydrogen bonding holding water tg in a network

cohesion

why is cohesion responsible for surface tension

because at the surface of water, there is a greater attraction of water molecules to one another

what occurs between water molecules and different molecules that causes water to attract to and stick to the walls of its container

adhesion

adhesive forces is

water being attracted to other polar or charged molecules

what creates the upward force on the edges of liquid

adhesion

what is it called when adhesive forces to the sides of the container are stronger than the cohesive force between molecules, and water is drawn upward against the pull of gravity

capillary action

what is high specific heat capacity

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1cm³ by 1C

why is water a more stable environment for living things than air

because the temperature of water varies less than the temperature of air

properties that materials or liquids have that are related to their ability to conduct heat

thermal properties

what gives water a high specific heat capacity

a large amount of energy is needed to break the many weak hydrogen bonds between the water molecules