Cellular Respiration

Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of ATP synthase?

Can ATP synthase use the energy released by phosphorylation of ADP to pump protons against a concentration gradient?

According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from

the hydrolysis of ATP

An intermediate electron acceptor for oxidations that occur in both glycolysis and in Krebs cycle reactions

FADH2

Coenzyme that transfers electrons from the Krebs cycle to the mitochondrial electron-transport chain at a lower energy level than that of electrons entering at the beginning of the chain

FADH2

ATP serves as a common energy source for organisms because

its energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work

During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of

protons down a concentration gradient

Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is

necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

chemiosmosis

Process in which CO2, is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions

Krebs cycle

Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid

glycolysis

Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?

The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the

Cytosol

Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen?

The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen

When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes, the result is

The creation of a protein gradient

Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?

glycolysis

Which of the following best describes the function

of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic

cellular respiration?

They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions

Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in muscle cells?

A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial chemiosmosis is NOT true?

Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain.

Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their energy requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?

Plants generally use starch molecules for storage while animals use glycogen and fats for storage.

Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free-energy change) can occur because the reactions

May be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP

Where is the Krebs cycle located?

mitochondrial matrix

Main job of etc

To make ATP

substrate-level phosphorylation

Makes ATP in the Krebs cycle and glycolysis

ATP count: glycolysis

2

ATP count: grooming

0

ATP count: Krebs

2

ATP Count: ETC

34

Fermentation

What keeps cells alive without oxygen

greater oxygen consumption is explained by...

a higher rate of ATP production

The difference in trends in oxygen consumption among crickets and mice is due to their

mode of internal temperature regulation