Physiology endocrine system and clinical cases

the thyroid gland Is stimulated by

thyroid homeone, regulates metabolism

Epinephrine produced by

adrenal glands (adrenaline)

-act like norepinephrine by binding to same alphas and betas

-effect on heart rate/BP: increase

What is aldosterone

adrenal glands produced, regulates sodium and potassium

allows you to conserve sodium and excrete potassium

What is cortisol

-adrenal glands

-stress hormone- gives more fuel when stressed

Parathyroid gland

-produces calcintonin

secrete parathyroid hormone to increase plasma calcium in blood

adrenal glands

secretes steroid hormones called corticosteroids

-mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Na+ and K+ balance

-glucocorticoids (cortisol) regulate glucose metabolism

pancreas

regulator of insulin and glucagon

insulin

produced by alpha cells, pulls sugar out of blood and into muscles to decrease blood sugar

glucagon

produced by beta cells, pull glucose back into blood to increase blood sugar

Type 1 Diabetes

autoimmune disorder, destroys our own beta cells in pancreas-can’t prooduce insulin

type 2 diabetes

more common 90%, body’s resistant to insulin-can’t bind to insulin receptors, obesity

diabetes mellitus

Fat cells produce LEPTIN, makes you fell full (satiety),

hypothalamus controls leptin

obesity produces more

What is Bell’s Palsy

-produces droopy face (paralysis)

-caused by facial nerve

Bilirubin does what

-liver, exaggerated in patients with anemia and jaundice

Vitamin B-12 and folic acid

jaundice, no b12 means no normal red blood cells

symptoms of hyperthyroidism

-weigh loss, diarrhea, everything is rushed throughout body

-menstrual irregularities

-produced a goiter in the neck