General Biology Midterms Exam Reviewer

PETALS

PETALS

May be brightly colored to attract insects.

COROLLA

Plural of Petal

ANTHER

Produces male gametes

POLLEN

Male Gametes

FILAMENT

Structure that supports the anther (making it accessible to wind or insects)

STIGMA

Top female part- collects pollen grains (site of pollination)

STYLE

Middle part of carpel connecting ovary to stigma.

OVARY

Produces female gametes

EGG/OVULE

Female Gamete

NECTARY

Produces sugary nectar to attract insects.

SEPAL

Protect unopened flower bud.

CALYX

Plural of Sepal

STAMEN

Male reproductive part consisting of anther held up on a filament.

CARPEL OR PISTIL

Female reproductive part consisting stigma, style, and ovary.

PISTIL

Another term for Carpel

ANTHER AND FILAMENT

STAMEN PARTS:

STIGMA, STYLE, OVARY

CARPEL PARTS:

ANTHERS

Pollen is produced where?

POLLINATION

occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers to the female organs by wind or by animals.

STIGMA

If the female ______ is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the egg, where fertilization takes place by the sperm nucleus.

POLLEN TUBE

If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a ________, which grows through the female tissue to the egg, where fertilization takes place by the sperm nucleus.

EGG

If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the ______, where fertilization takes place by the sperm nucleus.

FERTILIZATION

If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the egg, where _______ takes place by the sperm nucleus.

SPERM NUCLEUS

If the female stigma is receptive to a pollen grain, the pollen produces a pollen tube, which grows through the female tissue to the egg, where fertilization takes place by the __________.

SELF-POLLINATION

The pollen grains move from one stigma of the same or genetically related flower.

CROSS-POLLINATION

Applying pollen from one flower to the pistils of another flower. In nature, wind and insects both aid in pollination.

IP

PETALS: Are present, often large, colored, and scented to attract insects.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

PETALS: Absent or small.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

IP

SCENT: Sweet smell -  to attract insects.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

SCENT: No scent – no need to attract insects.

IP

NECTARY: Produced by nectarines to attract insects.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

NECTARY: Absent
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

IP

STIGMA: Present in the flower, often flat (so that it acts as a place for insects to land)
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

STIGMA: Large and feathery (providing larger surface area), hanging outside the flower to catch pollen in the wind.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

IP

POLLEN: Present inside the flower.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

POLLEN: Long filaments, allowing the anthers to hand freely outside the flower so that the pollen is exposed to and may be swept up by the wind.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

IP

ANTHER: Firm – to brush against insects.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

WP

ANTHER: Loose – to release pollen into the wind.
IP (INSECT-POLLINATED) OR WP (WIND-POLLINATED)

STAMEN

1.

ANTHER

2.

FILAMENT

3.

PETAL

4.

STIGMA

5.

STYLE

6.

OVARY

7.

CARPEL OR PISTIL

8.

SEPAL

9.

PEDICEL

10.

UNISEXUAL FLOWER

Flower that contains either female or male.

BISEXUAL FLOWER

Flower that contains both female and male.

EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

usually requires a medium such as water, which the sperms can use to swim towards the egg cell.

FISH AND AMPHIBIANS

External Fertilization usually occur in what animals?

EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

The females lay the eggs in the water and the male squirts the sperm in the same area.

INTERNAL FERTILIZATION

Occurs within the female. Occurs in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles.

HIBISCUS AND ROSE

Example of Bisexual Flowers:

WATERMELON AND PAPAYA

Example of Unisexual Flowers:

ZYGOTE

Fertilization leads to the formation of _____.

ENDOSPERM

The other male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form ________.

ZYGOTE EMBRYO

The _______ divides multiple times to form an ______ within the ovule.

ENDOSPERM

What provides nourishment to the Embryo?