1.3 Neuroscience, Attachment, & Sociocultural

What is Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience?

It studies the relationship between brain changes and the developing child's processing and behavior patterns.

Why is it harder for adolescents and adults to acquire a second language compared to children?

The brain is highly plastic during infancy and early childhood.

What is attachment in the context of child development?

Attachment is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

What is imprinting according to Konrad Lorenz?

Imprinting is a behavior that occurs during a critical period, involving attachment to the first moving object observed, such as goslings following Lorenz after hatching.

What did Harry Harlow's study on attachment reveal?

Milk alone was insufficient to create attachment; responsive caregivers to a baby's signals increase the likelihood of secure attachment.

What does Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory focus on?

It focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation through social interaction and cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society.

What is the significance of social interaction in Vygotsky's theory?

Social interaction is essential for success in a particular culture.

What is the Ecological Systems Theory?

It views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.

What is a microsystem in the context of Ecological Systems Theory?

The microsystem refers to the child's immediate surroundings.

What does the mesosystem encompass?

The mesosystem includes the child's immediate settings, such as school, neighborhood, and child-care center.

What is the exosystem?

The exosystem consists of social settings that affect but do not contain the child, such as community and extended family.

What does the macrosystem consist of?

The macrosystem consists of cultural values, laws, and resources that affect the support received at inner levels.

How do children in different cultures develop unique strengths?

Children develop unique strengths through the influence of their specific cultural contexts.

What role do responsive caregivers play in attachment?

The more responsive caregivers are to a baby's signals, the more likely the child will become securely attached.

What is the critical period for imprinting?

The critical period is the time shortly after birth when attachment behaviors are most readily formed.

How does the Ecological Systems Theory view the child?

It views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships influenced by various environmental levels.

What is the importance of cultural values in the macrosystem?

Cultural values in the macrosystem affect the resources and support available to the child.

What are some examples of settings included in the exosystem?

Examples include community resources, schools, and extended family.

What is the relationship between social interaction and cultural transmission?

Social interaction facilitates the transmission of culture to the next generation.