Organic Compounds and Carbohydrates Overview

Inorganic Compounds

Compounds that don't contain carbon.

Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain carbon, derived from living things.

Polymerization

Process of joining smaller compounds to form larger ones.

Monomer

Subunit serving as the building block of a polymer.

Polymer

Large molecule made of many identical monomers.

Covalent Bond

Strong bond formed by sharing electron pairs.

Condensation Reaction (Dehydration Synthesis)

Reaction building molecules by losing water.

Hydrolysis

Reaction breaking molecules by adding water.

Carbohydrates

Sugars and starches used for energy or structure. 1:2:1 Ratio C,H,O

Monosaccharide

Simple sugars.
Examples: glucose, fructose, galactose

Disaccharide

Formed from two monosaccharides combining. Examples: sucrose, maltose, lactose

Polysaccharide

Formed from many monosaccharides combining. Ex: cellulose, starch, glycogen

Glucose

Monosaccharide; major source of blood sugar.

Fructose

Fruit sugar; isomer of glucose.

Galactose

Sugar found in milk.

Sucrose

Disaccharide found in table sugar.

Lactose

Disaccharide found in milk.

Maltose

Disaccharide found in wheat products.

Starch

Polysaccharide; glucose storage in plants.

Cellulose

Indigestible polysaccharide providing plant cell structure.

Chitin

Polysaccharide in insect and mushroom exoskeletons.

Glycogen

Polysaccharide; glucose storage in animals.

Deoxyribose

Monosaccharide part of DNA.

Ribose

Monosaccharide part of RNA.