med term ch. 6-8

primary components that comprise blood

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma

agglutin/o

clumping

bas/o

base

chrom/o

color

coagul/o

clotting

eosin/o

rosy red

fus/o

pouring

granul/o

granules

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

morph/o

shape

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

neutr/o

neutral

phag/o

eat, swallow

sanguin/o

blood

septic/o

infection

-apheresis

removal, carry away

-crit

seperation of

-cytic

pertaining to cells

cytosis

more than the normal number of cells

-emia

blood condition

-globin

protein

-oid

resembling

-penia

abnormal decrease, too few

-phil

attracted to

-philia

condition of being attracted to

-philic

pertaining to being attracted to

-plastic

pertaining to formation

-plastin

formation

-poiesis

formation

-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal flow

-stasis

standing still

plasma

liquid portion of blood containing 90% water; remaing 10% consists of plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin), inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, and sodium), organic components (glucose, amino acids, cholestreral), and waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, and cretinine)

formed elements

solid, cellular portion of blood; consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

erythrocyte

also called red blood cells (RBCs); cells that contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in order to transport it to cells of body

leukocytes

also called white blood cells (WBCs); group of several different types of cells that provide protection against invasion of bacteria and other foreign material; able to leave bloodstream and search out foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses, and toxins), where they perform phagocytosis

platelets

cells responsible for coagulation of blood; also called thrombocytes and contain no hemoglobin

hematopoiesis

process of forming blood

plasma proteins

found in plasma; includes serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

albumin

protein normally found circulating in bloodstream; it is abnormal for albumin to be in urine

globulins

one type of protein found dissolved in plasma

fibrinogen

blood protein essential for clotting to take place

gamma globulin

protein component of blood containing antibodies that help resist infection

calcium

inorganic substance found in plasma; important for bones, muscles, and nerves

potassium

inorganic substance found in plasma; important for bones and muscles

sodium

inorganic substance found in plasma

glucose

form of sugar used by cells of body to make energy; transported to cells in blood

amino acids

organic substances found in plasma, used by cells to build proteins

fats

lipid molecules transported throughout body dissolved in blood

urea

waste product of protein metabolism; diffuses through tissues in lymph and is returned to circulatory system for transport to kidneys

creatinine

waste product of muscle metabolism

enucleated

loss of cell’s nucleus

hemaglobin

1) iron containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from lungs to tissue; 2) blood test to measure amount of hemoglobin present in blood

bilirubin

waste product from destruction of worn-out red blood cells; disposed of by liver

pathogens

disease-bearing organisms

granulocytes

granular polymorphonuclear leukocytes; three types: neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil

agranulocytes

nongranular white blood cells; one of two types found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes

basophilis (function)

Release histamine and heparin to damaged tissues

eosinophilis (function)

Destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions

neutrophilis (function)

Engulf foreign and damaged cells (phagocytosis); most numerous of the leukocytes

monocytes (function)

Engulf foreign and damaged cells (phagocytosis)

lymphocytes (function)

Play several different roles in immune response

thrombocyte

also called platelets; play critical part in blood-clotting process by agglutinating into small clusters and releasing thrombokinase

hemostasis

term for blood clotting process; also stopping of blood flow using instruments, pressure, and/or medication

agglutinate

clumping together to form small clusters; platelets agglutinate to start clotting process

thromboplastin

substance released by platelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin

prothrombin

protein elements within blood that interacts with calcium slats to form thrombin

thrombin

clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

fibrin

whitish protein formed by action of thrombin and fibrinogen, which is basis for clotting of blood

blood typing

blood differs from person to person due to presence of antigens on surface of erythrocytes; major method of typing blood is ABO system and includes types, A,B,O, and AB; other major method of typing blood is Rh factor, consisting of two type, Rh+ and Rh-

Rh factor

antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons with Rh+ blood

type A blood

one of ABO blood types; person with type A markers on his or her RBCs; type A blood will make anti-B anitbodies

type B blood

one of ABO blood types; person with type B markers on his or her RBCs; type B blood will make anti-A antibodies

type AB blood

one of ABO blood types; person with both type A and type B markers on his or her RBCs; since it has both markers, it will not make antibodies against either A or B blood

type O blood

one of ABO blood types; person with no markers on his or her RBCs; type O blood will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies; therefore, is considered an universal donor

universal recipient

person with type AB blood has no antibodies against other blood types and therefore, in emergency, can receive any type of blood

Rh-positive (Rh+)

person with Rh+ blood type; person’s RBCs have Rh marker. He or she will not make anti-Rh antibodies.

Rh-negative (Rh-)

person with Rh- blood type; person’s RBCs do not have Rh marker and will make antibodies against Rh+ blood

erythr/o

red

morph/o

shape

myel/o

bone marrow

phleb/o

vein

-rrhage

abnormal flow

-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal flow

basophilic

Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a basic pH stain

eosinophilic

Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a rosy red stain

erythrocytic

Pertaining to a red blood cell

firbrinous

Pertaining to fibers

hematic

Pertaining to blood

leukocytic

Pertaining to a white blood cell

lymphocytic

Pertaining to a [white] cell formed in lymphatic tissue

monocytic

Pertaining to a [white] cell with a single, large nucleus

neutrophilic

Pertaining to [a leukocyte] that attracts a neutral pH stain

sanguineous

Pertaining to blood

thrombocytic

Pertaining to a clotting cell; a platelet

thrombotic

Pertaining to a clot

hematology

Branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of blood; physician is a hematologist

coagulate

To convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation

dyscrasia

General term indicating presence of a disease affecting blood

hematoma

Collection of blood under skin as result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels; commonly referred to as a bruise