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The process by which organisms undergo genetic and physical changes through generations is called:

Biological evolution

The mutual interaction between human biology and culture is known as:

Biocultural evolution

The earliest societies that were small, nomadic, and family-based are called:

Band-level societies

Who proposed that accumulation of private property led to the collapse of primitive communities?

Friedrich Engels

According to Lewis Henry Morgan, the highest stage of human development is:

Civilized stage

A social institution that ensures literacy and cultural transmission:

Education

The kinship system that traces descent through both male and female lines is:

Bilineal

A marriage between one husband and multiple wives is called:

Polygyny

Religion that believes in only one God is called:

Monotheism

According to Aristotle, humans are naturally:

Social and political animals

The type of authority based on written laws and rules:

Legal-rational authority

Power that is accepted as rightful or lawful is known as:

Legitimacy

The belief that a ruler’s power is inherited or “has always existed” refers to:

Traditional authority

Giving material goods in exchange for political support is called:

Political clientelism

The ability of individuals to move from one class to another is called:

Social mobility

Mechanical solidarity is common in traditional societies based on shared values and beliefs.

True

Industrial Revolution led to decreased urbanization and migration.

False

Max Weber developed the idea of bureaucracy and rationalization.

True

The laissez-faire principle means prices are controlled by the government.

False

The state is defined as a political unit of sovereignty over a specific territory.

True

Power is always legitimate.

False

Social stratification divides people into categories based on wealth, race, or gender.

True

A caste system allows people to easily move between classes.

False

Patriarchy refers to domination of males over females.

True

Gender roles refer to socially expected behaviors of males and females.

True

The French word “bureau” and Greek word “kratos” form this term used by Max Weber.

Bureaucracy

The sociological theory by Davis and Moore stating that roles with greater importance get greater rewards.

Davis-Moore Thesis

The theory that emphasizes decreasing influence of religion in society.

Secularization Theory

A belief system that attributes spirit to both living and nonliving things.

Animism

Type of family made up only of parents and children.

Nuclear Family

Term for large-scale changes improving or worsening a group’s social conditions.

Structural Mobility

The advocacy of women’s rights based on equality of the sexes.

Feminism

The process of buying luxury goods to show social status.

Conspicuous Consumption

The competition for survival where the fittest dominate the weak, according to Herbert Spencer.

Social Darwinism

The document outlining rights and responsibilities of citizens.

Constitution

Band-level society

No social mobility

Legal-rational authority

Based on law and rules

Caste system

No social mobility

Conflict theory

Class struggle

Functionalism

Stability of society

Monotheism

Belief in one God

Polyandry

One wife with multiple husbands

Bilineal descent

Both maternal and paternal lines

Dependency theory

Poor nations exploited by rich ones

Patriarchy

Male dominance

A document that defines the structure and function of a government:

Constitution

The Industrial Revolution caused the rise of which class?

Working class

The system of rigid boundaries and no social mobility is called:

Closed system

The theory that society evolves in stages through production development was proposed by:

Karl Marx

The type of feminist that believes equality can be achieved through legal reforms:

Liberal feminist