american lit: ch. 2-3

70 terms is crazy

Biblical revelation

fill in the blank

according to the puritans, ___________ ____________ had the final word in matters of life and godliness

Bible

fill in the blank

according to the church of england, the ________ was merely one source of divine relationship, sharing its authority with laws of nature and human reason

puritan

fill in the blank

at the end of the _________ worldview was belief in the sovereignty of God and the authority of the Bible

roger williams

one of the first people to challenge the puritan leadership in new england; insisted that the government’s role was only to protect the people’s physical well-being and that the government had no role in religion

natives

fill in the blank

roger williams secured a charter in 1654 and preached to the ____________ and wrote a book about their language (key into the language of america

1654

fill in the blank

roger williams secured a charter in _______

rhode island

fill in the blank

roger williams was a co-founder of _________ __________

bay of psalms book

the first book printed in the english colonies

meter

the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line

poetic foot

each two- or three-syllable unit in a line of poetry

iamb

one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable; most common foot in english

common meter

has a pattern of eight, six, eight, six syllables (lines alternating between tetrameter and trimeter)

anne bradstreet

book of poetry published without her knowledge; brought praise and criticism; conventional imitation of english renaissance poetry such as edmund spenser; wrote the author to her book, contemplations, the burning of her house, and to my dear and loving husband

her book is a child

what is the metaphor in the author to her book?

tree and sun

which two objects in nature does anne bradstreet apostrophize in “contemplations”?

biblical (Job)

what kind of allusion was the burning of her house?

• heart

• house

which two things does anne bradstreet talk to in the burning of her house?

wealth

in to my dear and loving husband, what does anne bradstreet compare love to?

metaphor

an imaginative comparison of two dissimilar things, which can be implied or stated, brief or extended

simile

a comparison using like or as

personification

gives human characteristics to nonhuman objects or entities

apostrophe

an address to an absent person, abstraction, or object

metaphysical poet

explores intellectual and theological subjects

conceit

a striking, often elaborate comparison carried out in considerable detail

paradox

a statement that seems to be self-contradictory yet actually makes sense when understood in the right context

stanzas

divisions of a poem based on thought, meter, or rhyme

couplet

a stanza containing two lines

quatrain

a stanza containing four lines

sestet

a stanza containing six lines

heroic couplet

comprised of lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pairs

jonathan edwards

minister for nearly 24 years in northampton, MA; preached the most famous sermon in american history “sinners in the hands of an angry God”

• spider over a fire

• God’s wrath as a flood

what were the two metaphors in “sinners in the hands of an angry God”?

imagery

descriptive word or phrases that appeal to sense perceptions to create an impression

1. biblical text

2. doctrine

3. reasons

4. uses

fill in the blank

puritan sermon structure:

1. _________ ______: single verse or a few verses

2. ________: discussion of the Biblical text

3. ________: develop the doctrine 

4. _____: application to the hearers

samson occom

mohegan indian; converted to Christianity; teacher, preacher, and judge to native americans; “father of american indian literature”

father of american indian literature

what was samson occom known as?

red jacket

seneca indian; signed treaty with the US that secured the six nations territory; known for his oratorical skills; rejected Christianity

autobiography

a work of nonfiction in which an author tells his own life story

speech

oral, public communication

parallelism

use of similar structure in two or more phrases, clauses, or sentences

rhetorical question

a question that requires no answer because the implied answer is obvious

“you say”

what does red jacket repeatedly say in his speech?

deism

rose out of the 18th century age of reason; each person understood God according to his own observation of reason; solution to the problems of man lies in his reason, not supernatural revelation

rational

fill in the blank

man can become “perfected” through “_______” education 

benjamin franklin

colonial printer, statesman of a new nation, and an “ungodly puritan”

philadelphia

fill in the blank

benjamin franklin ran away to ____________ and resumed printing

• 13

• order

how many virtues were in benjamin franklin’s autobiography? which one caused him the most trouble?

characterization

the art of portraying a character in a narrative directly (through telling) or indirectly (through showing)

cultural context

 the beliefs, customs, and thoughts characteristic of the time and place in which a work of literature was created

patrick henry

storekeeper and had a license to practice law; spoke against taxation and served as governor of virginia during the revolution; opposed the concept of a strong central government and served another term as governor of virginia

rhetorical figures

depart from the normal, literal use of language in order to achieve a special effect

parallelism

similarity in the structure of two or more phrases, clauses, or sentences

antithesis

the use of syntactical parallelism in two adjacent clauses or phrases to emphasize their contrasting meanings

rhetorical question

a question asked, not to receive an answer, but to achieve an effect

allusion

reference within a work to classical literature and the Bible

speed

not faster than your brain can process what you are saying; vary speed according to content

rhythm

help emphasize key points; use punctuation

flexibility

shifting speeds and rhythms to reflect the meaning of the text

thomas paine

wrote common sense and the american crisis papers; became early proponent of the french revolution; became disillusioned with the french revolution and was imprisoned for his opposition; wrote the age of reason, his attack on religion

propaganda

the use of emotional appeal to bypass reason

• name calling

• glittering generalities

• testimonial

• transfer

• bandwagon

• plain folks

• card stacking

list the propaganda techniques.

thomas jefferson

attended the first continental congress; appointed to write the declaration of independence; second vice president and third president of the US

deduction

reasoning from a general truth to a specific conclusion 

anaphora

deliberate repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of grammatical units

phillis wheatley

bought as a personal servant in boston; converted to Christianity; wrote a poem on the death of george whitfield and published a book of poetry in england

neoclassical

adhering to the rules of genre and emphasizing clarity, order, decorum, the rule of reason, and didacticism

didacticism

 instruction in literature

heroic couplet

a pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter

blank verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

diction

choice and use of words in speech or writing