Unit 1 Muscle' Action/ rule/Knee ROM

2

Joint

Rule 1
muscles must have at least ___ attachments must cross @ least one _____

pull

Rule 2
muscles always ______ and get shorter

insertion

origin

Rule 3
the attachment that moves is known as the _______ and the attachment that remains stationary is known as the _______

Flexors

Extensors

Rule 4
muscles that decrease the angle between ventral surfaces of the body are known as _____; muscles that increase the angle between ventral surfaces of the body are known as _________

pairs

Rule 5

muscles work in opposing _______

striations

Rule 6

muscles _______ point to the attachments and show the direction of pull

Brachialis

flexes elbow (halfway down the humerus)

triceps medial head

extends the elbow (proximal half of the dorsal humerus

Pectoralis minor

rotate the shoulder forward (Anterior surface of ribs 3-5)

pectoralis major abdominal head

Pull arm down *serve/volleyball spike

pectoralis major sternal (sternocostalis) head

Pulls arm down across chest *butterfly machine( ribs 1-5)

pectoralis major clavicular head

arm underhand motions *bowling (medial half of inferior edge of clavicle)

serratus anterior

to help move the scapula and push in at the big movement *swimming ( lateral surface of 1-8)

intercostals

muscle between the ribs

ligaments
tendons

_______-connective tissues that connect bones to bones
________-connective tissues that attach muscle to bone

Sprain

injury to a ligament that occurs when overstretched

Strain

injury to a muscle or tendon that occurs when overstretched

tear

injury to a variety of different soft tissues such as tendons, muscle, or ligaments

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

connects the anteromedial tibia to the lateral femur and provides rotational stability to the knee

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

connects the anterolateral femur to the posterior tibia and keeps the shin bone from moving back to far

Medial Collateral ligament (MCL)

The inferior femur to the superior tibia and prevents the leg from extending too far inward

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

connects the lateral femur to the proximal fibula and helps keep the other knee joint stable

anterior
posterior

__________ drawer test- knee flexed at 90 degrees, the proximal tibia is pulled anteriorly relative to the femur. Positive if femur slides significantly in the posterior direction
__________ drawer test- knee flexed at 90 degrees, the tibia is pushed posteriorly relative to the femur. Positive if femur slides significantly in the anterior direction

valgus
varus

______ stress test- knee flexed at 30 degrees and femur held fixed, the tibia is rotated medially. Positive if the femur slides significantly in the medial direction
________ stress test- knee flexed at 30 degrees and femur held fixed, the tibia is rotated laterally. Positive if the femur slides significantly in the lateral direction

valgus

varus

_______ movement- distal end of bone or joint moves inward or medially
_______ movement- distal end of a bone or joint moves outward or laterally

posterior drawer
valgus stress
varus stress
anterior drawer

______- diagnoses MCL injury
______-diagnoses LCL injury
_______-diagnoses ACL injury
_________-diagnoses PCL injury

Kinesiology tape

improves circulation, support muscles through stimulation, drain excess fluid and promote healing

mechanoreceptor

located within synovial joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and skin that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion and convert the mechanical pressure into electrical signals that travel through neurons to the brain. Give your sensation of touch, stimulate your reflexes, monitor strength of organs and provide propricoception

proprioception

The body's ability to sense movement, action, and location
ex. being able to walk without looking @ your feet

drainage
ligament correction

_______ taping helps mostly with swelling post initial injury, while ______ _______ taping is used for mechanical correction later on in the recovery/treatment process or post-op