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neuron
fundamental unit of the nervous system
axon
long extension that is used to rapidly propagate a signal
dendrites
finger like projections that receive signals
synapse
gap between a neuron and its receiver cell
neurotransmitters
chemical signals released into the synapse
interneurons
local circuits connecting neurons in brain. also responsible for integration of sensory input
sensory neurons
transmit signals about external stimuli
motor neurons
transmit signals to muscle cells causing them to contract, or transmit signals to endocrine glands stimulating hormone release
resting potential
-70 mV
depolarization
opening of sodium channels that change the membrane potential
action potential
increase in electrical potential
