Grammar Review: Future Tenses and Relative Clauses

Flashcards for reviewing grammar concepts related to future tenses (going to-future, will-future, future perfect, future progressive, present progressive, simple present) and relative clauses (defining, contact, non-defining) in English grammar.

What is the going to-future used for?

Used to talk about intentions or plans for the future.

When do we use the going to-future for predictions?

Used to make predictions about the future, especially when you can already see the signs.

What is the will-future used for?

Used to make statements or predictions about the future (often about things we cannot control).

What kind of expressions do we often use with the will-future when making predictions?

Often used with expressions like 'I think,' 'I'm sure,' 'I suppose,' etc.

When do we use the will-future for spontaneous decisions?

Used when you decide something in the moment you speak (e.g., promises or offers).

What is the future perfect tense used for?

Used to say something will be complete at a future point in time.

What is the future progressive tense used for?

Actions that will be in progress at a point of time in the future.

What kind of time phrases are often used with the future progressive?

Phrases of time like 'a week today' and 'this time next week'.

When do we often use the future progressive?

When we expect something to happen or know that it will happen (routines).

What is another use of the future progressive relating to plans?

To ask politely about somebody's plans.

What is the present progressive used for in the context of future events?

Something is definitely planned or arranged for the future (diary future).

When do we use the simple present to talk about the future?

When a future event is part of a timetable, schedule, or program.

What types of verbs are often used when using the simple present for future events?

Verbs like arrive, leave, go, open, close, start, stop.

What does a defining relative clause do?

Gives important information about a noun (defines the noun).

What relative pronouns can be used in defining relative clauses?

who, which, or that.

When can you create a contact clause by leaving out the relative pronoun?

When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause.

When are you not allowed to make contact clauses?

The relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.

What does a non-defining relative clause do?

Gives additional (but not essential) information about a noun, mainly in written English.

What punctuation is required in non-defining relative clauses?

Commas.

Which relative pronoun cannot be used in non-defining relative clauses?

That.

What is the purpose of relative clauses with 'which' to refer to a whole clause?

To comment on the statement in the main clause (similar to German relative clauses with 'was').

Going-to future

Expresses firm plans and intentions, often involving future arrangements.

Will-future

Describes spontaneous decisions made at the moment of speaking

Describes assumptions about the completion of a task by a certain time in the future

Future perfect