Protozoa

Diagnostic test for intestinal protozoal cysts

Fecal smear or fecal float

Diagnostic test for detecting and estimating oocysts

Mcmaster

Diagnostic test that is used to detect movement

Microhaematicrit centrifuge

Zoonotic strains of Giardia intestinalis

A and B

Giardia strain present in livestock

E

Fecal smear diagnostic smear shows what form of Giardia?

Motile trophozoites

Giardia treatment

Albendazole

Lifecycle differentiation of Tritrichomonas foetus

Only trophozoite form

Infected for life by tritrichomonas foetus

Bulls

Replication of tritrichomonas foetus

Binary fission

Diagnosis of tritrichomonas foetus

Rolling, jerky movement under diagnostic examination

Diagnostic test to speciate Trypanosomes

Thin smear

Pathogenesis of salivarian Trypanosomes

• Chancre

• Lymphoid enlargement

• Anemia

• Cell Degeneration

Cardinal feature of nagana

Anemia (hemolytic then erythrophagocytosis)

Clinical sign of nagana

Jugular pulasation

Highly pathogenic trypanosome species in cattle

• Trypanosoma vivax

• Trypanosoma congolense

Clinical signs of Trypanosoma congolense

• Black to metallic brown hair colour

• Arched back and tucked abdomen due to splenic pain

Clinical signs of Trypanosomma brucei

Stargazing

Coccidia of cattle

• E. zuernii

• E. bovis

Treatment for coccidiosis

Amprolium

Coccidia of sheep

• E. ovinoidalis

• E. crandallis

Clinical sign of coccidiosis in sheep

• Lamb scours

• Coccidia nodules in intestine

• Wool breaking

Coccidia of goat

E. arloingi

Pathogenesis of E. arloingi

Small intestine congested, hemorrhagic or ulcerated

Infection site of cryptosporidium parvum

Brush border of intestinal epithelium cells

Types of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum

• Osmotic

• Inflammatory

• Secretory

Form of Toxoplasma gondii responsible for tissue damage

Tachyzoite

Site of spread for tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep

Placental cotyledons

Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii

Clindamycin

Neospora caninum in cattle

Major cause of abortion

Most pathogenic Sarcocystis spp. in cattle

Sarcocystis bovicanis (S. cruzi)

Diagnosis of Sarcocystis in cattle

Rice grains in muscle tissue

Intravascular hemolysis lesions of Babesiosis

• Congested lungs

• Swollen, icteric liver

• Congested, dark-coloured kidneys and spleen

• Icteric connective tissue

Extravascular hemolysis (chronic) lesions of Babesiosis

• Icterus

• Pale kidneys

• Yellow-brown liver

Treatment for babesiosis

Imidocarb dipropionate

Disease caused by Babesia bovis

Tropical bovine babesiosis

Causes nervous signs when infected with Babesia bovis

Clumping of RBCs in the vessels of cerebrum

Angle of merozoites in bebesia bovis

Obtuse

Disease caused by babesia bigemina

Red water disease

Clinical symptoms of babesia bigemina

• Hemoglobinuria

• Icterus

• Anemia

Disease caused by Theileria parva

East coast fever

Clinical signs of Theileria parva

• Lymphodenopathy

• Leukopoenia

• No anemia

Pathological lesion of Theileria parva

Punch erosions on abomasum

Treatment of Theileria parva

Pravaquone

Vector of theileria annulata

Hyalomma

Disease caused by Theileria mutans

Benign bovine theileriosis

Vectors for Equine Piroplasms

• Dermacentor nitens

• Rhipicephalus microplus

Distinguished transmission of B caballi in ticks

Transovarial transmission

Distinguished transmission of T. equi in ticks

Intrastadial transmission

Per-acute deaths from Equine piroplasms

Microthrombi formation in B. caballi infections

More pathogenic equine piroplasm

T. equi

Differentiating feature of Trypanosoma congolense

CNS unaffected

Disease caused by Trypanosoma equinum

Mal de Caderas (Bad Hips)

Reservoir and vector for Trypanosoma equinum

Vampire bats

Treatment for Trypanosoma equinum

Suramin

Disease caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum

Dourine

Eimeria species diagnoised by sedimentation

Eimeria Leukarti

Infectious agent that causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Sarcocystis neurona

Clinical symptoms of EPM

• One side paralysis

• Asymmetric incoordination (ataxia)

• Upward fixation of the patella

Diagnosis of Sarcosystis Neurona

AM: Western Blot test of CSF

Treatment of Sarcocystis neurona

Ponazuril

Another etiological cause of EPM other than Sarcocystis neurona

Neospora hughesi