Biology- Unit 1 Test

Biology review for test

enzymes

enzymes

Front:What are catalysts/enzymes in living organisms?

Back:These proteins lower the activation energy needed for reactions, allowing them to be efficient. They are specific to substrates (active sites)

ATP

Definition: Adenosine triphosphate. The primary energy in cells. Made of adenine and three phosphate groups. When one phosphate is removed, it releases energy, leaving Adenosine Di-phosphate. (2) Can be recycled back into its original form through cellular respiration.

autotrophs and heterotrophs

Front:

Organisms that produce food using sunlight or inorganic substances.

Back:

Plants and some bacteria convert environmental energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

photosynethesis equation

Flashcard:

Term: Photosynthesis Equation

Definition: produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. The simplified equation is:6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

prokaryotic cell

no nucleus or other organelles (bacteria)

eukaryotic cell

nucleus and organelles

phospholipid bilayer

middle part of membrane, made of lipids, head faces outward/ tails inward (hydrophobic)

ribosomes make…

proteins

autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food using sunlight or inorganic substances.

heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and rely on consuming other organisms for energy and nutrients.

chemical formula for photosynthesis

Oxygen + Glucose»» Carbon dioxide + water

cell work

chemical(reactions) mechanical(moving parts) transport(active)

cellular respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP ,NADH) , carbon dioxide, and water.

glycosis

happens in cytoplasm

glucose broken down into pruvic acid

Krebs Cycle

happens in mitochondria

glucose completely broken down to waste (carbon dioxide +water)

all energy released

ATP cycle

in mitochondria

energy grabbed to make ATP

energy released as heat

fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms, in the absence of oxygen.

wavelengths- (3)

absorbed, transmitted,reflections

photosynthesis happens in

chloroplasts

photosythesis steps

The process of converting light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, occurring in chloroplasts. It consists of light-reactions and the Calvin cycle.

xylem and phloem

tubes in plants responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.