5) Mitosis/asexual cellular reproduction

What is Mitosis?

produces two identical diploid daughter cells.

What does Mitosis involve?

Involves a single round of cell division

What can mitosis be used for?

growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

What is ploidy (n)?

total set of chromosomes

1. Interphase (G1, S, G2)

n=0
DNA molecule: 4 (doubles in S phase)

euchromatin and heterochromatin (beads on a string) inside nucleus + nuclear envelope, centrosomes

What are centrosomes?

organizes the spindle fibers that pull chromosomes apart during cell division

2. Prophase

n = 4
DNA molecule: 8

chromatin → chromosomes condensed, nuclear envelope degrades for sister chromatids (from S phase) 

How to count the amount of chromosomes?

Count the # of centromeres

2 again. Prometaphase

n=4

DNA molecule: 8

spindle microtubules from centrosomes attach to chromatids as NE disintegrates

What are the lines connecting on the kinetochores called?

Mitotic spindle fibers

What is a chromatid?

A single copy of a chromosome

What is a sister chromatid?

2 copies of the same chromosome

3) Metaphase

n= 4

DNA molecule: 8

align chromosomes vertically, microtubules attach to kinetochore 

4) Anaphase

n= 8

DNA molecule: 8

sister chromatids separate as microtubules drag to opposite poles

5) Telophase and cytokinesis

n=4 (in each cell)

DNA molecule: 4

cell splits into 2 cells, contains 4 chromatids each (also can be called 4 chromosomes!)

Mitosis is

diploid (2n) from start to finish

clones cause

no variation/diversity, solve with sexual reproduction