POSC 1010 Clemson Carey Exam 2

How did the modern Republican party originate?

Stems from originally Abraham Lincoln and the free soil party + anti slavery faction, also related to the Whig party and populist party

Modern Liberalism

Emerged out of the progressive movement and FDR's new deal, tends to favor more on the intervention of the federal government

Conservatism

Tends to favor states rights more, Lazziez Faire ideals, more traditional values

Libertarianism

culturally liberal, economically conservative, minimal government

Statism

Government is sovereign

Purpose of polling

To quickly get a sense of public opinion

Sampling

people are selected out of the population to be surveyed

Selection Bias

failure to truly select the sample at random

Push polling

polling technique that is used to elicit a certain response from people

How did the modern Democrat party orignate?

Stems from the progressive movement and FDR's new deal, party switch happened slowly over the issue of slavery and civil rights

How often is a president elected?

Every four years

How many times can a president be elected?

Twice

Hard money

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

Soft money

Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes, they do not explicitly endorsre the candidate but issues that are favorable to win

Political party

An organization that seeks to advance a political agenda by nominating candidates for public office

Interest group

Association of individuals who seek to combine their influence to advance their policy agenda

What are some incentives for organizing an interest group?

Can influence government, not as restricted by gov. policies, lobbying

Pluralism

doctrine that competition between groups produces moderation through a process of compromise and reduces risk of the majority

Socialism

Emphasis on government control over the economy (cultural control may vary)

Totalitarianism

Extreme culturally conservative and economically liberal

Issues with polling

Leading questions, selection bias, illusion of saliency, bandwagon

County Party

Precinct delegates elect county party officers, delegates, and state committeemen, also nominates winner of primary

State party

county delegates vote to elect officers, national committemen, are governed by an executive committee

National Party

state delegates vote on party platform, national officers

How did the Great Depression influence political parties?

FDR led the democrats to take control of the white house and both houses of Congress, started a democratic dominance that lasted until the 1960s

Purpose of Federalist 51

to alleviate fears of anti-federalist of a too powerful government under the proposed constitution, with an emphasis on checks and balances and a seperation of powers

What are some issues with the primary system?

it is susceptible to manipulation by party bosses, nominees frequently aren't popular, in areas with one party dominance, there is little choice

What is the presidental national convention?

delegates declare selection during roll call of states, candidate with the majority of delegates wins

Lobbying

a direct exertion of pressure on legislators (personal contact, gifts, client interaction)

Populism

support for the concerns of ordinary people (AOC, Trump, Andrew Jackson)

Facism

emphasis on strict cultural controls, ultra nationalism, no tolerance for opposition

Margin of Error

associated with polling, it is never zero, the larger the sample size the smaller this is

Advantages of the two party system

gives the ability to form clear majorities, gives some degree of stability in government, multiparty systems are less predictable

Disadvantages of the two party system

lack of opinions, 3rd parties don't get traction, often must vote for the lesser of two evils

Realignment

change in the dominant party, or switch from single party domination to divided government

Divided government occurs when

presidency, house, and senate aren't controlled by the same party

Describe the primary system

begin with precinct meetings where voters have the opportunity to become delegates to county convention, country convention elects to state convention, state conventions nominate candidates for national convention, primary is in each state

Electoral college

After the popular vote, electors gather in the state capital to cast vote

Gerrymandering

Drawing districts with bizarre geography in order to benefit specific party or individual office holders, should be compact, contiguous, and respectful of political boundaries

Senatorial elections

elections occur every 2 years, with every state staggered

Advantages of campaigning

name recognition, getting the message out, internal polls

Political Action Committees

private organizations that raise money to contribute to campaigns, has a higher contribution limit that individuals

Public funding

available to major party candidates if their party got at least 5% of popular vote

Campaign Finance Enforcement

run by a six member board, must submit detailed financial records

Bundling

candidate represents a bundle of policy positions

Collective action

joining forces with others for the purpose of exerting influence over the government

Federalist 10

Topic = factions (interest groups); minority factions controlled by majority; majority faction controlled by greater size of USA + virtuous leaders

Factionalism

number of citizens who are united by a common interest to help the community

Media

means by which something is communicated- ex. (TV, newspaper, internet, social media, magazines)

Agenda setting

what the public is paying attention to, media has a strong influence on this

Framing

the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted

Priming

influencing standards public uses to judge national leaders

Regulation of media

First amendment, must be narrow, usually dealing with obscenity and fairness, the Federal Communications Commision

Open vs. Closed primary

Open primaries: you can declare your party on election day. Closed primaries: only registered party members can vote

According to Federalist 51, the writers of the Constitution generally believed that people would always seek the greater good over their own self-interests.

False

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of republican government that Madison argues helps to protect against tyranny of the majority?

The absence of modern telecommunications technology

Madison saw the Constitution as channeling the human tendency toward selfish ambition in such a way as to limit the power of the government.

True

According to Madison in Federalist 51, who is the "primary control on the government"?

The people

In Federalist 51, Madison saw dividing the legislature up into two bodies as a way to limit its power.

True

In Federalist #10, Madison argued that government should attempt to equalize people economically in order to control the risks associated with the formation of factions.

False

According to Madison, the tendency of people of similar interest to form groups will lead to control by a small number of groups resulting in the tyranny of the majority that the Framers were so concerned about.

False

Which of the following is not one of the features of the system of government he is espousing that Madison believes will prevent the harmful effects of factions?

The inherent goodness of the people

Which of the following statements best characterizes Madison's argument in Federalist #10?

We can't get rid of factions, so we need to control their effects.

According to Madison, a major source of factions is the unequal distribution of property.

True

classical liberalism

government should be limited (individual freedom is most important, government should stay mostly out of the economy); more freedom, less government control

american liberalism

refers to the ideas the U.S. was built on (believes government power comes from the people: popular sovereignty); government exists to protect rights + should be limited

modern liberalism

government should help solve social and economic problems (government should regulate businesses, social programs help people); tends to support secular government + economic problems; government helps create fairness

traditional conservatism (slow change)

keep traditional institutions and values; believes changes should happen slowly and traditions are important

economic conservatism (free market)

free market works best; believes religion plays an important societal role, traditional social values are important, skeptical of rapid cultural change

centrist

in the middle, agrees with some ideas from both sides