APUSH AMSCO Unit 5

What time period does APUSH Period 5 cover?

1844–1877.

What was the main cause of sectional tension in the mid-1800s?

Disputes over the expansion of slavery into new territories.

What was Manifest Destiny?

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.

What caused the Mexican-American War?

Annexation of Texas and border disputes with Mexico.

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848).

What land did the U.S. gain from Mexico in 1848?

Mexican Cession (California

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

Proposed ban on slavery in territories gained from Mexico.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

California free state

What was the Fugitive Slave Law?

Required return of escaped enslaved people to owners.

What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

1852 antislavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

1854 law allowing popular sovereignty on slavery; repealed Missouri Compromise.

What was 'Bleeding Kansas'?

Violent conflict between pro- and antislavery settlers in Kansas.

What was the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision?

1857 ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

What was the Lincoln-Douglas Debates?

1858 Illinois Senate debates over slavery expansion.

What was John Brown’s Raid?

1859 attack on Harpers Ferry to incite a slave rebellion.

Who won the election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln.

What event began the Civil War?

Confederate attack on Fort Sumter (1861).

What were the border states?

Slave states that stayed in the Union: MO

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

1863 order freeing enslaved people in Confederate-held areas.

What battle was the turning point of the Civil War?

Battle of Gettysburg (1863).

What was the significance of the Siege of Vicksburg?

Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

What was total war?

War strategy targeting military and civilian resources.

What was Sherman’s March to the Sea?

1864 Union campaign of destruction through Georgia.

What ended the Civil War?

Surrender at Appomattox Court House (1865).

What was Reconstruction?

Period of rebuilding and reintegrating Southern states after the Civil War.

What were the Black Codes?

Southern laws restricting African Americans after the Civil War.

What was the 13th Amendment?

Abolished slavery.

What was the 14th Amendment?

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

What was the 15th Amendment?

Gave African American men the right to vote.

What was sharecropping?

Farming system where freedmen worked land for a share of crops.

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Agency helping freed people with food

What were carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction.

What were scalawags?

Southerners who supported Reconstruction and Republicans.

What ended Reconstruction?

Compromise of 1877; withdrawal of federal troops from the South.

Period 5 (APUSH)

1844–1877; sectionalism

Manifest Destiny

Belief in U.S. expansion across North America.

Mexican-American War

1846–1848 conflict between U.S. and Mexico.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War; Mexican Cession to U.S.

Mexican Cession

Land gained from Mexico in 1848.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in Mexican Cession.

Compromise of 1850

Admitted California free

Fugitive Slave Law

Required return of escaped enslaved people.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Antislavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed popular sovereignty; repealed Missouri Compromise.

Bleeding Kansas

Violent clashes over slavery in Kansas.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Ruled African Americans not citizens; Congress couldn’t ban slavery.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1858 debates over slavery expansion.

John Brown’s Raid

1859 attempt to start slave uprising at Harpers Ferry.

Election of 1860

Lincoln’s victory leading to Southern secession.

Fort Sumter

Site of first Civil War battle.

Border States

Slave states remaining in Union: MO

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed enslaved people in Confederate territory.

Battle of Gettysburg

1863 Union victory; turning point of Civil War.

Siege of Vicksburg

Union gained control of Mississippi River.

Total War

Targeting all resources to weaken enemy.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Union destruction campaign through Georgia.

Appomattox Court House

Site of Confederate surrender (1865).

Reconstruction

Rebuilding the South after Civil War.

Black Codes

Laws limiting rights of African Americans.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection.

15th Amendment

Gave African American men voting rights.

Sharecropping

Farming for share of crops; kept freedmen in poverty.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Assisted freed people post-Civil War.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners in South during Reconstruction.

Scalawags

Southern Republican supporters.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction; removed federal troops.