Religions East & West Exam 1

____ argued that "religion is society worshipping itself."

Emile Durkheim

Karl Marx argued that religion is the opiate of the masses, because ____.

religion is like an opiate that deadens oppressed people of the sense of pain and alienation

____ argued that religion offers explanation and justification of good and bad fortune.

Max Weber

____'s view, that the way we think about the world is related to political institutions and regimes of power, has a huge impact on religious studies.

Michael Foucault

Read the text "The Talking Drum." The drum in this text is equivalent to ____.

the Bible

In the text "The Mountain Has Spirit," the word that best describes the Native North American people's view on nature is ___

Respectful

In "Essence of Cosmic Man," the Mexican indigenous religion views life and death____.

cyclical and union with one's ancestors and the natural environment

Indigenous religions are the same although they are in different places.

False

Read the text "The Talking Drum." The drum is sacred because ____.

it communicates the divine words

In the view of native North Americans, the nature is ___.

sacred

In the "Essence of Cosmic Man," the human being is

an integral part of natural environment

India is located in ____.

South Asia

In " The Story of Uddalaka and Svetaketu," the father Uddalaka used a lot of analogies in his conversation with his son in order to ____.

teach his son what brahman and atman are

In Hinduism, when a person dies, the ___ of the person moves to the next life, which decides the personality of this person.

jiva

Which analogy best describes the relationship between brahman and atman ___.

an ocean and a drop of water

One's good fortune or bad luck is decided by ___.

karma

Dharma means____.

duty or responsibility designated by one's caste and life stage

A person's caste is decided by ____.

birth

The dharma of a Brahmin includes ___.

giving offerings to god on behalf of himself or others

Dalit means ____, and refers to the class that is outside of the caste system.

the oppressed

One of the responsibilities of the Kshatriya is to punish the transgressor

True

A Vaishya can be more wealthier than a Brahmin.

True

A grandchildren can suffer bad fortune due to the bad karma his/her grandparents created.

True

Veda, the sacred text of ancient Aryans, originally was in oral form.

True

The term Hindu was originally used by Muslims to refer to people in Indian continent who practiced religions that were not Buddhism, Jainism, or Judaism

True

If a person has done some evil things, according to the law of karma____.

the person will be punished in the next life, the person will be punished, those who are related to this person may be punished

____ will create bad karma.

To fulfill the responsibilities of people of another caste and to take a life

Among the four castes, the most politically powerful caste is ___.

Kshatriya

Merchants belong to ___ caste.

Vaisha

According to the Law of Manu, a Brahmin can do the job of a Vaisha if he cannot find support for himself.

True

A Shudra can work as a Brahmin with permission from the government.

False

In HInduism, only the ____boys can have the Upanayanam (Sacred Thread) ritual.

Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaisha

According to the Law of Manu, a woman's marriage should be ____.

arranged by her father or brother

The dharma of a householder is to ___.

get married and have male children to carry on one's family lineage

In Hinduism, cold food means____.

food can spiritually calm people down, such as diary products

In Hinduism, the ultimate goal of one's life is to____.

achieve moksha, the final liberation

Prasada is believed to be pure food because it is ____.

it is offered to gods

Many Hindu women fast to ____.

pray for good fortune and blessings for their husbands and children

Bhakti means ___.

devotional love to god/goddes

In Hinduism, a god can have an avatar, which means____.

incarnation

The Law of Manu does not endorse the abuse of women.

True

A husband can remarry after proper rituals are performed for his deceased wife.

True

According to the Law of Manu, a woman should be subordinate to her husband.

True

The Law of Manu allows cross-caste marriages.

False

___is the god of preservation.

Vishnu

The Law of Manu encouraged women to work independently outside of their family.

False

According to the Law of Manu, a woman should treat here husband like a god even though the husband is good for nothing.

True

According to the Law of Manu, a woman can remarry after she buried her deceased husband.

False

In Hindu tradition, people usually cremate the dead body.

True

If conditions permit, people will take their dying family member to the Ganges River.

True

In Hindu society, everyone will leave their family to live a mendicant life in the final life stage.

False

The word "Buddha" means ____.

the enlightened (awakened) one

The Buddha's family belongs to ____.

Kshatriya caste

Buddha's secular name is ___.

Gautama Siddhartha

The Buddha decided to leave his family life to begin his spiritual journey____.

after encountering old age, sickness, death and a renunciant

The Buddha attained enlightenment by practicing extreme austerities.

False

The Buddha gave up his ascetic practices because he found such kind of practice unable to lead to liberation.

True

The Buddha attains enlightenment by cultivating dhyana, a kind of meditative and blissful mental state.

True

Mara's daughters symbolize the negative mentality or feelings within oneself.

True

In Buddhism, the first sermon the Buddha gave is also called ____.

the Four Noble Truths

The teaching in the Four Noble Truths can be summarized as _____.

life is suffering, but there is a way to end suffering through wisdom, ethic behavior and speech and right concentration

In the Four Noble Truths, the way to end suffering is also called ____.

The Eightfold Path

Buddhism challenged Hinduism in ____.

the concept of atman and karma

In Buddhism, liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth is called ____

nirvana

Similar to Hinduism, the status of one's existence is decided by _____.

karma

Dharma in Buddhism means ____

Budhist truth

In his first sermon, the Buddha is against ____.

extreme austerities and extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures

___ is a Buddhist concept that different from Hinduism.

Anatman

A Buddhist will probably avoid ____.

running a bar, butchering, and selling guns

According to the first sermon, ____ is the cause of suffering.

Craving (trsna)

Sunyata (emptiness) in Buddhism means _____.

void of permanent self and interdependence of all things

According to Buddhism, there is no way to be free from suffering

False

According to the First Sermon of the Buddha, only through practicing extreme austerities can one attain nirvana.

False

According to Nagajuna's view of emptiness, there are no self-existent things.

True

There are six realms of transmigration, and only in the human realm, can one creates karma that decides one's future life (lives)

True

All things share the same nature, which is emptiness.

True

Emptiness in Buddhism means meaninglessness.

False

Buddha nature refers to emptiness.

True

Among the five skhandas (aggregates), sentiency (vijinana) never changes.

False

There are three Jewels of Buddhism, and ___is not among the three Jewels.

Budhist temple

Buddhist sangha refers to ___.

monks and nuns

A Buddhist should accept ___.

the five basic Buddhist precepts

___ is a violation of Buddhist precepts.

Drinking beer

A Theravada Buddhist monk may violate Buddhist precepts if he _____.

Going to a taylor swift concert

According to the instruction on how to practice meditation, the food a practitioner takes should be limited to a certain amount because____.

the proper amount of food is necessary to maintain good health, the proper amount of food is good for meditation, and too much food or too little food is not good for meditation

The Eight Special Rules (or Eight Respect Rules) were set for ___.

Nuns

According to the Eight Special Rules, ____.

A senior nun should show respect to a junior monk

The Eight Special Rules also require that ____.

a nun cannot criticize a monk

Bodhisattva refers to ____.

an enlightened being, who postpones entering into Buddhahood and remains in samsara to save all the sentient beings

In Japan, it is a common practice that parents send their children to Buddhist temples to receive temporary ordination.

False

Tantric Buddhism is also called Vajrayana Buddhism.

True

Chinese Buddhist monks and nuns should keep a vegetarian diet, but monks in Thailand or Tibet do not have to be vegetarian.

True

Tantric Buddhism only includes secret teachings transmitted from master to disciples.

False

Avalokitesvara, the Bodhisattva of compassion, is widely worshipped in Indonesia.

False

The first Buddhist nun is ___.

Mahapajapati

Mahapajapati is ___.

Buddha's aunt and foster mother

One of the arguments that Ananda employed to persuade the Buddha to accept women into the monastic order was ___.

that women could attain the same spiritual achievements as men

The underlying Buddhist theory of Anada's argument (in question 3) for women's ordination was ___.

that all shared the same nature of emptiness, thus women could achieve enlightenment just as men do

Another argument that Ananda employed to convince the Buddha to accept Mahapajapati to the monastic order was ___.

that Buddha owed his aunt and foster mother and he should repay her love and care

emic

the perspective in which the researcher gains the insider's point of view.