Chapter 14 Solutions Vocabulary

suspension

a mixture containing particles that settle if left undisturbed (muddy water, salad dressing, blood)

concentration

how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution

dilute

solution which contains a small amount of solute

electrolyte

an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current

heterogeneous

mixture in which substances do not blend smoothly throughout and individual substances remain distinct

homogeneous

a mixture in which it is not possible to distinguish the solute from the solvent by simply looking at it (solutions are a type of this)

solvation

the process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution

colloid

a heterogeneous mixture of intermediate-sized particles (between atomic-scale size of solution particles and the size of suspension particles). Particles are between 1 nm and 1000 nm in diameter and do not settle out.

insoluble

a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent

solution

a type of homogeneous mixture with two or more substances called a solute and a solvent

nonelectrolyte

a compound whose aqueous solution does not conduct electricity

saturated

a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

soluble

a substance that dissolves in a solvent

solute

a substance dissolved in a solution

Tyndall effect

a phenomenon in which dispersed colloid particles scatter light in a dilute colloid mixture that appear to be homogeneous

solvent

the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution

supersaturated

a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution, which are unstable and sometimes results in settling or crystalization

unsaturated

a solution that contains less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure and more solute can be dissolved in it

osmotic pressure

the additional pressure caused by the water molecules that moved into the concentrated solution

molality

a way to describe solutions that is not altered by temperature

molarity

molar concentration of a solution

heat of solution

the overall energy change that occurs during the solution forming process, or solvation

colligative properties

physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles but not by the identity of dissolved solute partibles

vapor pressure lowering

the lowering of vapor pressure due to the number of solute particles in solution, which is a colligative property of solutions

boiling point elevation

the temperature difference between a solution's boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point

freezing point depression

the difference between a solution's freezing point and the freezing point of its pure solvent