Inheritance, Pedigree, Punnet Square

Inheritance?

The scientific study of heredity

Heredity?

passing down of traits from parent to offspring (unique)

Gametes carry what to the next generation

Genes are being carried

Why do gametes come together?

To provide a new combination of alleles in the next generation

Punnett Square

a tool that predicts possible outcomes or a genetic cross

How many copies of gene does each parent bring to the offspring?

One

Trait?

characterisitcs of an organisim

allele

different forms of a trait

dominant allele

gene that overpowers other genes from showing

reccessive allele

only appears when there is no dominant allele

homozygous

same two alleles, AA/dd

heterozygous

two different alleles, Tt, Gg

genotype

description of an organism’s gene using letters

phenotype?

physical description using words

monohybrid cross?

a cross tracking a single trait, letters represent alleles, and parent one goes on the top and parent two goes on the side. Each box is filled in with one allele from each parent to show possible outcomes.

Offspring are what?

a combination of inherited alleles from both parents

Pedigree?

a diagram of family history, indicating genetic traits, and determines inheritance patterns

Square

Male

Circle

Female

Square+Circle

Mating

How do you order people in the family?

By order of birth

Square and Circle Children and Same Birthday

Dizygote Twins

Square Doubled Children

Monozygote

Filled in shape is what?

When filled in its the tracked trait

Diamond is what?

Sex unkown

Shape with line in the middle slashed?

Dead

Triangle is what?

Abortion

Square + Circle in same generation and is blood related

Cousin Marriage

What do pedigrees help with?

determining inheritance patterns

affected individual?

posses the tracked trait

carrier?

does not exhibit the trait but many pass it down: Rr

Autosomal dominant

tracking a dominant trait general and is not sex linked

In an autosomal dominant pedigree, an affected individual must have a what?

Affected Parent

autosomal reccessive

tracking a reccessive trait general not sex linked

In an autosomal dominant pedigree, are all the kids affected?

No unaffected kids can have affected parents

In an autosomal reccessive pedigree, unaffected parents may have what?

affected offspring

Sex linked

tracking a reccessive/dominant trait based on a sex linked chromosomes

What does sex linked determine?

gener

Trait often appear in both genders or one?

One

Sex linked Trick?

Specific Gender= Specific Trait

As you uncover one individual’s genotype,it may provide information about what in another person

Genotype

If you do not know the genotype what should you include?

As much information as possible

Co-Domiance

Both alleles are dominant at the same time, heterozygous people show both traits

Human Blood Type Codominant?

AB, both A and B antigens are dominant so it becomes co-dominant

Cows and horses both have what?

white and red hairs

sickle cell amenia has one normal alleles and one sickle cell allele so what is this then?

Co- Dominance so you will have both regular and sickle shaped cells

There can be more than two alleles for a trait but?

Only two get selected

Human blood type shows what?

2 alternative patterns for inheritance

Multiple Alleles In Blood?

3 Alleles Exist, A, B and O

Co Dominance Example in Blood Types

A and B are both dominant blood types so it’ll become AB blood

O blood is what?

The universal donor because it doesn’t have any antigens so anyone can use it.

AB blood is what in the sense of acceptance?

AB blood doesn’t have any antigens that will attack foreign blood because the dominant A and B alleles make sure that there cannot be any antigens to be produced that would be opposite, so it can accept any blood but cannot be sent to anyone unlike O blood.

I^A

dominant A allele in blood

I^B

dominant B allele in blood type

i is what?

reccessive blood type allele

What is the genotype for type a blood?

I^A I^A or I^a i

What is the genotype for type b blood?

I^B I^B or I^B i

What is the genotype of O blood?

ii